Carbonate mineral

Carbonate minerals are those minerals containing the carbonate ion, CO²⁻
₃.

Calcite crystals from the Sweetwater Mine, Viburnum Trend District, Reynolds County, Missouri; 6.2 × 6 × 3.3 cm

Carbonate divisions

Anhydrous carbonates

Rhodochrosite, Sweet Home Mine, Alma, Colorado; 5.2 × 4.2 × 2.3 cm

Smithsonite, Silver Bill Mine, Dragoon Mts, Cochise County, Arizona; 4.8 × 4.1 × 2.4 cm

Calcite group: trigonal
- Calcite CaCO₃
- Gaspéite (Ni,Mg,Fe²⁺)CO₃
- Magnesite MgCO₃
- Otavite CdCO₃
- Rhodochrosite MnCO₃
- Siderite FeCO₃
- Smithsonite ZnCO₃
- Spherocobaltite CoCO₃
Aragonite group: orthorhombic
- Aragonite CaCO₃
- Cerussite PbCO₃
- Strontianite SrCO₃
- Witherite BaCO₃
- Rutherfordine UO₂CO₃
- Natrite Na₂CO₃

Anhydrous carbonates with compound formulas

Dolomite with calcite and chalcopyrite from the Picher Field, Tri-State district, Cherokee County, Kansas; 12.0 × 9.7 × 4.3 cm

Dolomite group: trigonal
- Ankerite CaFe(CO₃)₂
- Dolomite CaMg(CO₃)₂
- Huntite Mg₃Ca(CO₃)₄
- Minrecordite CaZn(CO₃)₂
- Barytocalcite BaCa(CO₃)₂

Carbonates with hydroxyl or halogen

Azurite and malachite, Beaver Dam Mts, Washington County, Utah; 5.1 × 3.9 × 2.4 cm

Carbonate with hydroxide: monoclinic
- Azurite Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
- Hydrocerussite Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
- Malachite Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂
- Rosasite (Cu,Zn)₂CO₃(OH)₂
- Phosgenite Pb₂(CO₃)Cl₂
- Hydrozincite Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
- Aurichalcite (Zn,Cu)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆

Hydrated carbonates

Hydromagnesite Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂.4H₂O
Ikaite CaCO₃·6(H₂O)
Lansfordite MgCO₃·5(H₂O)
Monohydrocalcite CaCO₃·H₂O
Natron Na₂CO₃·10(H₂O)
Zellerite Ca(UO₂)(CO₃)₂·5(H₂O)

The carbonate class in both the Dana and the Strunz classification systems include the nitrates.[1][2]

Nickel–Strunz classification -05- carbonates

Hanksite, Na₂₂K(SO₄)₉(CO₃)₂Cl, one of the few minerals that is considered a carbonate and a sulfate

Photomicrographs of a thin section containing carbonate vein in mica rich rock. In cross-polarized light on left, plane-polarized light on right.

IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009).[3] This list uses the classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).[2]

Abbreviations:
- "*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
- "?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
- "REE" – Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
- "PGE" – Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
- 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V^[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
  - Neso: insular (from Greek νησος nēsos, island)
  - Soro: grouping (from Greek σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
  - Cyclo: ring
  - Ino: chain (from Greek ις [genitive: ινος inos], fibre)
  - Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον phyllon, leaf)
  - Tekto: three-dimensional framework
Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
- NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
- X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
- Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
- ##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter

Class: carbonates

05.A Carbonates without additional anions, without H₂O
- 05.AA Alkali carbonates: 05 Zabuyelite; 10 Gregoryite, 10 Natrite; 15 Nahcolite, 20 Kalicinite, 25 Teschemacherite, 30 Wegscheiderite
- 05.AB Alkali-earth (and other M²⁺) carbonates: 05 Calcite, 05 Gaspeite, 05 Magnesite, 05 Rhodochrosite, 05 Otavite, 05 Spherocobaltite, 05 Siderite, 05 Smithsonite; 10 Ankerite, 10 Dolomite, 10 Kutnohorite, 10 Minrecordite; 15 Cerussite, 15 Aragonite, 15 Strontianite, 15 Witherite; 20 Vaterite, 25 Huntite, 30 Norsethite, 35 Alstonite; 40 Olekminskite, 40 Paralstonite; 45 Barytocalcite, 50 Carbocernaite, 55 Benstonite, 60 Juangodoyite
- 05.AC Alkali and alkali-earth carbonates: 05 Eitelite, 10 Nyerereite, 10 Natrofairchildite, 10 Zemkorite; 15 Butschliite, 20 Fairchildite, 25 Shortite; 30 Sanromanite, 30 Burbankite, 30 Calcioburbankite, 30 Khanneshite
- 05.AD With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Sahamalite-(Ce); 15 Rémondite-(Ce), 15 Petersenite-(Ce), 15 Rémondite-(La); 20 Paratooite-(La)
05.B Carbonates with additional anions, without H₂O
- 05.BA With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn: 05 Azurite, 10 Chukanovite, 10 Malachite, 10 Georgeite, 10 Pokrovskite, 10 Nullaginite, 10 Glaukosphaerite, 10 Mcguinnessite, 10 Kolwezite, 10 Rosasite, 10 Zincrosasite; 15 Aurichalcite, 15 Hydrozincite; 20 Holdawayite, 25 Defernite; 30 Loseyite, 30 Sclarite
- 05.BB With alkalies, etc.: 05 Barentsite, 10 Dawsonite, 15 Tunisite, 20 Sabinaite
- 05.BC With alkali-earth cations: 05 Brenkite, 10 Rouvilleite, 15 Podlesnoite
- 05.BD With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Cordylite-(Ce), 05 Lukechangite-(Ce); 10 Kukharenkoite-(La), 10 Kukharenkoite-(Ce), 10 Zhonghuacerite-(Ce); 15 Cebaite-(Nd), 15 Cebaite-(Ce); 20a Bastnasite-(Ce), 20a Bastnasite-(La), 20a Bastnasite-(Y), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(Ce), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(La), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(Nd), 20a Thorbastnasite, 20b Parisite-(Nd), 20b Parisite-(Ce), 20c Synchysite-(Ce), 20c Synchysite-(Nd), 20c Synchysite-(Y), 20d Rontgenite-(Ce); 25 Horvathite-(Y), 30 Qaqarssukite-(Ce), 35 Huanghoite-(Ce)
- 05.BE With Pb, Bi: 05 Shannonite, 10 Hydrocerussite, 15 Plumbonacrite, 20 Phosgenite, 25 Bismutite, 30 Kettnerite, 35 Beyerite
- 05.BF With (Cl), SO₄, PO₄, TeO₃: 05 Northupite, 05 Ferrotychite, 05 Manganotychite, 05 Tychite; 10 Bonshtedtite, 10 Crawfordite, 10 Bradleyitev, 10 Sidorenkite, 15 Daqingshanite-(Ce), 20 Reederite-(Y), 25 Mineevite-(Y), 30 Brianyoungite, 35 Philolithite; 40 Macphersonitev, 40 Susannite, 40 Leadhillite
05.C Carbonates without additional anions, with H₂O
- 05.CA With medium-sized cations: 05 Nesquehonite, 10 Lansfordite, 15 Barringtonite, 20 Hellyerite
- 05.CB With large cations (alkali and alkali-earth carbonates): 05 Thermonatrite, 10 Natron, 15 Trona, 20 Monohydrocalcite, 25 Ikaite, 30 Pirssonite, 35 Gaylussite, 40 Chalconatronite, 45 Baylissite, 50 Tuliokite
- 05.CC With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Donnayite-(Y), 05 Mckelveyite-(Nd)*, 05 Mckelveyite-(Y), 05 Weloganite; 10 Tengerite-(Y), 15 Lokkaite-(Y); 20 Shomiokite-(Y), 20 IMA2008-069; 25 Calkinsite-(Ce), 25 Lanthanite-(Ce), 25 Lanthanite-(La), 25 Lanthanite-(Nd); 30 Adamsite-(Y), 35 Decrespignyite-(Y), 40 Galgenbergite-(Ce), 45 Ewaldite, 50 Kimuraite-(Y)
05.D Carbonates with additional anions, with H₂O
- 05.DA With medium-sized cations: 05 Dypingite, 05 Giorgiosite, 05 Hydromagnesite, 05 Widgiemoolthalite; 10 Artinite, 10 Chlorartinite; 15 Otwayite, 20 Kambaldaite, 25 Callaghanite, 30 Claraite; 35 Hydroscarbroite, 35 Scarbroite; 40 Charmarite-3T, 40 Charmarite-2H, 40 Caresite, 40 Quintinite-2H, 40 Quintinite-3T; 45 Brugnatellite, 45 Barbertonite, 45 Chlormagaluminite, 45 Zaccagnaite, 45 Manasseite, 45 Sjogrenite; 50 Desautelsite, 50 Comblainite, 50 Hydrotalcite, 50 Pyroaurite, 50 Reevesite, 50 Stichtite, 50 Takovite; 55 Coalingite, 60 Karchevskyite, 65 Indigirite, 70 Zaratite
- 05.DB With large and medium-sized cations: 05 Alumohydrocalcite, 05 Para-alumohydrocalcite, 05 Nasledovite; 10 Dresserite, 10 Dundasite, 10 Strontiodresserite, 10 Petterdite, 10 Kochsandorite; 15 Hydrodresserite, 20 Schuilingite-(Nd), 25 Sergeevite, 30 Szymanskiite, 35 Montroyalite
- 05.DC With large cations: 05 Ancylite-(Ce), 05 Ancylite-(La), 05 Gysinite-(Nd), 05 Calcioancylite-(Ce), 05 Calcioancylite-(Nd), 05 Kozoite-(La), 05 Kozoite-(Nd); 10 Kamphaugite-(Y), 15 Sheldrickite, 20 Thomasclarkite-(Y), 25 Peterbaylissite, 30 Clearcreekite, 35 Niveolanite
05.E Uranyl carbonates
- 05.EA UO₂:CO₃ > 1:1: 10 Urancalcarite, 15 Wyartite, 20 Oswaldpeetersite, 25 Roubaultite, 30 Kamotoite-(Y), 35 Sharpite
- 05.EB UO₂:CO₃ = 1:1: 05 Rutherfordine, 10 Blatonite, 15 Joliotite, 20 Bijvoetite-(Y)
- 05.EC UO₂:CO₃ < 1:1 - 1:2: 05 Fontanite; 10 Metazellerite, 10 Zellerite
- 05.ED UO₂:CO₃ = 1:3: 05 Bayleyite, 10 Swartzite, 15 Albrechtschraufite, 20 Liebigite, 25 Rabbittite, 30 Andersonite, 35 Grimselite, 40 Widenmannite, 45 Znucalite, 50 Cejkaite
- 05.EE UO₂:CO₃ = 1:4: 05 Voglite, 10 Shabaite-(Nd)
- 05.EF UO₂:CO₃ = 1:5: 05 Astrocyanite-(Ce)
- 05.EG With SO₄ or SiO₄: 05 Schrockingerite, 10 Lepersonnite-(Gd)

Class: nitrates

05.N Nitrates
- 05.NA Without OH or H₂O: 05 Nitratine, 10 Niter, 15 Gwihabaite, 20 Nitrobarite
- 05.NB With OH: 05 Gerhardtite, 05 Rouaite
- 05.NC With H₂O: 05 Nitromagnesite, 10 Nitrocalcite
- 05.ND With OH (etc.) and H₂O: 05 Likasite, 10 Mbobomkulite, 15 Hydrombobomkulite, 20 Sveite

References

Dana Classification on Webmineral.
Strunz Classification on Webmineral.
Stuart J. Mills; Frédéric Hatert; Ernest H. Nickel; Giovanni Ferraris (2009). "The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals" (PDF). Eur. J. Mineral. 21 (5): 1073–1080. Bibcode:2009EJMin..21.1073M. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-02-17. Retrieved 2011-01-26.

Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., ISBN 0-471-80580-7
Ernest H. Nickel; Monte C. Nichols (March 2009). "IMA-CNMNC List of Mineral Names" (PDF). IMA-CNMNC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-20. Retrieved 2011-01-26.

External links

Media related to Carbonates (minerals) at Wikimedia Commons

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[Dana-1] Dana Classification on Webmineral.

[Strunz-2] Strunz Classification on Webmineral.

[3] Stuart J. Mills; Frédéric Hatert; Ernest H. Nickel; Giovanni Ferraris (2009). "The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals" (PDF). Eur. J. Mineral. 21 (5): 1073–1080. Bibcode:2009EJMin..21.1073M. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-02-17. Retrieved 2011-01-26.

IMA–CNMNC / Nickel–Strunz IDs Mineral categories (classes, subclasses, divisions)
"Special cases" ("native elements and organic minerals")	"Native elements" (IDs 1) Organic minerals (IDs 10)
"Sulfides and oxides"	Sulfides (IDs 2.A–F) Sulfosalts; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites (IDs 2.G) Sulfosalts; sulfarsenates, sulfantimonates (IDs 2.K) Other sulfosalts (IDs 2.H–J and 2.L–M) Oxides (IDs 4.A–E, e.g. pyrochlore supergroup and corundum group) Hydroxides (IDs 4.F–G) Arsenates(IV), sulfates(IV) and iodates (IDs 4.J–K) Tellurium oxysalts Vanadium oxides (IDs 4.H)
"Evaporites and similars"	Carbonates (IDs 5.A–E) Nitrates (IDs 5.N) Borates (IDs 6) Halides (IDs 3)
"Mineral structures with tetrahedral units" (sulfate anion, phosphate anion, silicon, etc.)	Monomeric minerals (similar to nesosilicates) Sulfates(VI) (IDs 7.A–E) Thiosulphates (IDs 7.J) Chromates(VI) (IDs 7.F) Molybdates, wolframates, niobates(VI) (IDs 7.G–H) Phosphates(V) (IDs 8) Arsenates, vanadates(V) (IDs 8) Monomeric, isolated silicates (IDs 9.A) Germanates (IDs 9.J) Silicate frameworks, tectosilicates Zeolite frameworks, zeolite family (IDs 9.G) Other feldspathoids: nephelines (IDs 9.FA.05) Cancrinite-sodalite groups (IDs 9.FB.) Other tectosilicates (IDs 9.FA. and 9.FB.15, e.g. feldspars) Other silicate frameworks Cyclosilicates (IDs 9.C) Phyllosilicates (IDs 9.E, e.g. clays) Silica family (IDs 4.DA.) Inosilicates Single chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g. pyroxenes) Ribbon or multiple chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g. amphiboles) Other non monomeric minerals Unclassified silicates (IDs 9.H) Sorosilicates (IDs 9.B, e.g. epidote and seidozerite supergroups) Polymeric, isolated silicates (IDs 9.A, e.g. olivine and gadolinite supergroups) Other inorganic polymers (e.g. polyoxometalates; "polyphosphates", IDs 8.F)
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