Canton–Hong Kong strike

Canton–Hong Kong strike
Canton–Hong Kong strike
Traditional Chinese	省港大罷工
Simplified Chinese	省港大罢工
Literal meaning	Provincial capital Hong Kong Big Strike
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Shěng Gǎng Dà Bàgōng
Wade–Giles	Shêng3 Kang3 Ta4 Pa4-kung1
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Sáang góng daaih bah gūng
Jyutping	Saang2 gong2 daai6 baa6 gung1

The Canton–Hong Kong strike was a strike and boycott that took place in British Hong Kong and Guangzhou (Canton), Republic of China, from June 1925 to October 1926.[1][2] It started out as a response to the May 30 Movement shooting incidents in which Chinese protesters were fired upon by Sikh detachments of the Shanghai Municipal Police in Shanghai.

Incident

On May 30, 1925, Sikh detachments of the Shanghai Municipal Police opened fire on a crowd of Chinese demonstrators at the Shanghai International Settlement. At least nine demonstrators were killed, and many others wounded.[1] Escalating the incident, on June 23, 1925, a heated demonstration in Shameen Island took place which resulted in the Shakee Massacre.[2] Troops under foreign command, perceiving shots being fired at them, killed more than fifty Chinese protesters and wounded almost two hundred more.[1]

Strike

Prominent Chinese citizens in Guangdong called for an anti-British strike, especially in Hong Kong, then a British colony. The Kuomintang leaders and Soviet advisors even considered attacking the Anglo-French Settlement in Shameen.[1] Anti-British pamphlets were passed around in Hong Kong. Rumours also spread that the colonial government planned to poison the colony's water supplies.[1] Guangdong offered free train passage to Hong Kong. In the first week of protest, more than 50,000 Chinese citizens left Hong Kong. Food prices soared. The colony was a ghost town by July. By the end of July, some 250,000 Chinese left for Guangdong.[1] The worst of the strike was over by 1926.[1]

Government and economy

The British government had to provide a trade loan of 3 million pounds to prevent the economy from collapsing. Hong Kong's top two colonial officials, Governor Sir Reginald Stubbs and Colonial Secretary Claud Severn, were replaced in 1925 as a consequence of the crisis, under criticism from James Jamieson, the British Consul General in Canton.[3] Jamieson claimed the two were out of touch and out of date, unable to converse in Chinese and were ignorant of the political situation in China.[4]^: 98

An anti-British boycott continued for several more months.[1] The economy was paralysed and Hong Kong's total trade fell by 50%, shipping diminished by 40%, and rents decreased by 60%, which lasted until the end of the boycott.[2]

In literature

The Canton–Hong Kong strike plays a prominent part in André Malraux's first novel, The Conquerors (1928).

References

Carroll, John Mark (2007). A concise history of Hong Kong. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-7425-3422-3.
Jens Bangsbo, Thomas Reilly, Mike Hughes. [1995] (1995). Science and Football III: Proceedings of the Third World Congress of Science and Football, Cardiff, Wales, 9–13 April 1995. Taylor & Francis publishing. ISBN 0-419-22160-3, ISBN 978-0-419-22160-9. p 42-43.
Nield, Robert (2012). May Holdsworth; Christopher Munn (eds.). Dictionary of Hong Kong Biography. Hong Kong University Press. p. 390. ISBN 9789888083664.
Kwan, Daniel Y K (1997). Marxist Intellectuals and the Chinese Labor Movement: A Study of Deng Zhongxia (1894-1933). University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295976013.

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[Car-1] Carroll, John Mark (2007). A concise history of Hong Kong. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-7425-3422-3.

[Jens-2] Jens Bangsbo, Thomas Reilly, Mike Hughes. [1995] (1995). Science and Football III: Proceedings of the Third World Congress of Science and Football, Cardiff, Wales, 9–13 April 1995. Taylor & Francis publishing. ISBN 0-419-22160-3, ISBN 978-0-419-22160-9. p 42-43.

[HKbio-3] Nield, Robert (2012). May Holdsworth; Christopher Munn (eds.). Dictionary of Hong Kong Biography. Hong Kong University Press. p. 390. ISBN 9789888083664.

[4] Kwan, Daniel Y K (1997). Marxist Intellectuals and the Chinese Labor Movement: A Study of Deng Zhongxia (1894-1933). University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295976013.