Calibrachoa

Calibrachoa is a genus of plants in the Solanaceae (nightshade) family. They are evergreen short-lived perennials and subshrubs with a sprawling habit, with small petunia-type flowers. They are found across much the same region of South America as petunias, from southern Brazil across to Peru and Chile, inhabiting scrub and open grassland.[1]

Calibrachoa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Subfamily: Petunioideae
Genus: Calibrachoa
Cerv.
Species

See text

calibrachoa "million bells" in a hanging basket
hybrid 'Superbells Strawberry Punch'

Classification

Calibrachoa are closely related to Petunia. However, on further examination it has been found that there are major differences in chromosomes, corresponding to external differences and fertilization factors that distinguished the two genera. Petchoa is a hybrid genus derived from crossing the genetically similar Calibrachoa and Petunia.[2]

Calibrachoa was named by Vicente Cervantes after Antonio de la Cal y Bracho,[3] a 19th-century Mexican botanist and pharmacologist.

Description

Calibrachoa are small shrubs or herbaceous plants with woody shoot axis that grow annual or perennial. The leaves are ovate, elliptic, reverse ovate or linear; its edge is flat or rolled back. The inflorescences are monochasial and have oppositely standing, foliage-like bracts. The flowers are usually zygomorphic, the bud cover is reciprocal in most species, the only exception is Calibrachoa pygmaea in both cases. The calyx has five or ten ribs, it is usually lobed to about the middle, the lobes are usually narrowed towards the top. The crown is funnel-shaped, but in Calibrachoa pygmaea it is salver-shaped, bulbous and tapered towards the tip. The color of the crown can be purple, red, pink or whitish.[4]

The fruits are capsules. The seeds have a net-like surface. This structure is due to walls perpendicular to the seed surface, which are straight in all species.[5]

Species
A Calibrachoa hybrid

28 species, including:[6]

  • Calibrachoa caesia
  • Calibrachoa calycina
  • Calibrachoa dusenii
  • Calibrachoa eglandulata
  • Calibrachoa elegans
  • Calibrachoa ericaefolia
  • Calibrachoa excellens
  • Calibrachoa hassleriana
  • Calibrachoa heterophylla
  • Calibrachoa linearis
  • Calibrachoa parviflora
  • Calibrachoa pygmaea
  • Calibrachoa rupestris
  • Calibrachoa sellowiana
  • Calibrachoa spathulata
  • Calibrachoa thymifolia

Cultivation

Some Calibrachoa are cultivated as ornamental plants, popularly known as "Million Bells". The plants can tolerate light frost and thrive in sun or semi-shade. Plant in a free-draining soil and water only when the soil is almost dry. They can be propagated from tip cuttings, but are frequently grown as half-hardy annuals. They are suitable for container gardening and hanging baskets and will attract hummingbirds.

Cultivars

The following cultivars are recipients of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-

  • Cabaret Bright Red='Balcabrite'[7]
  • Calibasket Pink Doll='Wescapido'[8]
  • Million Bells Trailing Topaz='Sunbelrikubu'[9]
  • Minifamous Double Light Blue='Kleca16364'[10]
  • Minifamous Double PinkMania!='Kleca16356'[11]
  • Minifamous Double Pinktastic='Kleca18085'[12]
  • Rave Pink '16='Kleca16006'[13]

References
  1. RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
  2. The Value of Growing Petchoa SuperCal®. Ornamental News Oct 25 2012
  3. Pablo de la Llave and Juan José Martínez de Lejarza y Alday (1825), Novorum vegetabilium descriptiones, vol. 2, Martin Rivera, p. 3
  4. Hitoshi Watanabe et al: Three Groups of Species in Petunia sensu Jussieu (Solanaceae) inferred from the intact seed morphology . In: American Journal of Botany, Vol. 86, Number 2, 1999, pp. 302-305.
  5. Claudia dos Reis, Maria the Graças Sajo and João Renato Stehmann: Leaf Structure and Taxonomy of Petunua and Calibrachoa (Solanaceae) . In: Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, Vol. 45, Number 1, March 2002, pp. 59-66.
  6. The Plant List, retrieved 13 September 2015
  7. "Calibrachoa Cabaret Bright Red='Balcabrite'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  8. "Calibasket Pink Doll='Wescapido'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  9. "Million Bells Trailing Topaz='Sunbelrikubu'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  10. "Minifamous Double Light Blue=Kleca16364". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  11. "Calibrachoa Minifamous Double PinkMania!='Kleca16356'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  12. "Calibrachoa Minifamous Double Pinktastic='Kleca18085'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  13. "Rave Pink '16='Kleca16006'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
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