Timeline of web browsers
This is a timeline of web browsers from 1990 to the present. Prior to browsers, many technologies and systems existed for information viewing and transmission. For an in-depth history of earlier web browsers, see the web browser article.
Graphical timeline
Timeline
1990s
The following table chronicles the major release dates during the 1990s for the more popular web browsers.
| 1990 | WorldWideWeb (Nexus) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 | Lynx | |||||
| Jan | ||||||
| Feb | ||||||
| Mar | 2.0* | |||||
| Apr | ||||||
| May | ||||||
| Jun | ||||||
| Jul | 2.0.10 | |||||
| Aug | 2.0.11 | |||||
| Sep | ||||||
| Oct | ||||||
| Nov | 2.0.12 | |||||
| Dec | 2.1 | |||||
| 1994 | Lynx | Mosaic Netscape | Opera | |||
| Jan | ||||||
| Feb | 2.2 | |||||
| Mar | ||||||
| Apr | ||||||
| May | 2.3 | |||||
| Jun | ||||||
| Jul | ||||||
| Aug | ||||||
| Sep | ||||||
| Oct | 0.9* | |||||
| Nov | 1.0β* | |||||
| Dec | 1.0 | |||||
| 1995 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | ||
| Jan | ||||||
| Feb | ||||||
| Mar | 1.1 | |||||
| Apr | 1.0 | |||||
| May | ||||||
| Jun | 2.4 | |||||
| Jul | ||||||
| Aug | 1.22 | 1.0* | ||||
| Sep | ||||||
| Oct | ||||||
| Nov | 2.0 | |||||
| Dec | ||||||
| 1996 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | Mac IE | |
| Jan | 2.0B* | |||||
| Feb | ||||||
| Mar | 2.0 | |||||
| Apr | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||||
| May | 2.5 | |||||
| Jun | ||||||
| Jul | ||||||
| Aug | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.1 | |||
| Sep | 2.6 | |||||
| Oct | ||||||
| Nov | ||||||
| Dec | 2.10 | |||||
| 1997 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | Mac IE | |
| Jan | 3.0 | |||||
| Feb | 2.7 | |||||
| Mar | ||||||
| Apr | ||||||
| May | ||||||
| Jun | 4.0 | |||||
| Jul | ||||||
| Aug | ||||||
| Sep | ||||||
| Oct | 4.0 | |||||
| Nov | ||||||
| Dec | 3.0 | |||||
| 1998 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | Mac IE | |
| Jan | 4.0 | |||||
| Feb | ||||||
| Mar | 2.8 | |||||
| Apr | ||||||
| May | ||||||
| Jun | ||||||
| Jul | ||||||
| Aug | ||||||
| Sep | ||||||
| Oct | 2.8.1 | 4.5 | ||||
| Nov | 3.5 | |||||
| Dec | ||||||
| 1999 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | Mac IE | Mozilla |
| Jan | 4.5 | |||||
| Feb | ||||||
| Mar | 5.0 | M3* | ||||
| Apr | ||||||
| May | ||||||
| Jun | 2.8.2 | |||||
| Jul | ||||||
| Aug | ||||||
| Sep | ||||||
| Oct | ||||||
| Nov | ||||||
| Dec | ||||||
2000s
The following table chronicles the major release dates during the 2000s for the more popular web browsers.
| 2000 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | Mac IE | Mozilla | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | |||||||||||
| Feb | |||||||||||
| Mar | 5.0†[1] | ||||||||||
| Apr | 2.8.3 | ||||||||||
| May | |||||||||||
| Jun | 4.0 | ||||||||||
| Jul | 5.5 | ||||||||||
| Aug | 5.6 | ||||||||||
| Sep | |||||||||||
| Oct | |||||||||||
| Nov | 6.0 | ||||||||||
| Dec | 5.0 | 0.6 | |||||||||
| 2001 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | Mozilla | ||||||
| Jan | 0.7 | ||||||||||
| Feb | 0.8 | ||||||||||
| Mar | |||||||||||
| Apr | |||||||||||
| May | 0.9 | ||||||||||
| Jun | |||||||||||
| Jul | 2.8.4 | ||||||||||
| Aug | 6.1 | ||||||||||
| Sep | |||||||||||
| Oct | 6.2 | 6.0 | |||||||||
| Nov | 6.0 | ||||||||||
| Dec | |||||||||||
| 2002 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | Chimera | Mozilla | Phoenix | ||||
| Jan | |||||||||||
| Feb | 0.1* | ||||||||||
| Mar | |||||||||||
| Apr | 0.2 | ||||||||||
| May | |||||||||||
| Jun | 1.0 | ||||||||||
| Jul | 0.4 | ||||||||||
| Aug | 7.0 (& 4.8) | 1.1 | |||||||||
| Sep | 6.0 SP1 | 0.5 | 0.1* | ||||||||
| Oct | 0.4 | ||||||||||
| Nov | 0.6 | 1.2 | |||||||||
| Dec | 0.5 | ||||||||||
| 2003 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | Camino | Mozilla | Firebird | Safari | Maxthon | ||
| Jan | 7.0 | ||||||||||
| Feb | |||||||||||
| Mar | 0.7 | 1.3 | |||||||||
| Apr | 7.1 | ||||||||||
| May | 0.6 | ||||||||||
| Jun | 7.1 | 1.4 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Jul | |||||||||||
| Aug | |||||||||||
| Sep | 7.2 | ||||||||||
| Oct | 1.5 | 0.7 | |||||||||
| Nov | |||||||||||
| Dec | .9* | ||||||||||
| 2004 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | Camino | Mozilla | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | ||
| Jan | 1.6 | ||||||||||
| Feb | 2.8.5 | 0.8 | |||||||||
| Mar | |||||||||||
| Apr | |||||||||||
| May | 7.5 | ||||||||||
| Jun | 0.8 | 1.7 | 0.9 | ||||||||
| Jul | |||||||||||
| Aug | 7.2 | 6.0 SP2 | |||||||||
| Sep | 0.10 (PR) | 1.0* | |||||||||
| Oct | |||||||||||
| Nov | 1.0 | ||||||||||
| Dec | |||||||||||
| 2005 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | Camino | Mozilla SeaMonkey |
Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | |
| Jan | |||||||||||
| Feb | |||||||||||
| Mar | |||||||||||
| Apr | 8.0 | 2.0 | |||||||||
| May | 8.0 | ||||||||||
| Jun | |||||||||||
| Jul | |||||||||||
| Aug | |||||||||||
| Sep | 8.5 | SM 1.0α* | 1.5 | 3.0* | |||||||
| Oct | |||||||||||
| Nov | 1.5 | ||||||||||
| Dec | |||||||||||
| 2006 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | Camino | Mozilla SeaMonkey |
Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | |
| Jan | 8.1 | SM 1.0 | |||||||||
| Feb | 1.0 | ||||||||||
| Mar | |||||||||||
| Apr | M. 1.7.13†[2] | ||||||||||
| May | |||||||||||
| Jun | 9.0 | ||||||||||
| Jul | |||||||||||
| Aug | |||||||||||
| Sep | |||||||||||
| Oct | 2.8.6 | 7.0 | 2.0 | ||||||||
| Nov | 4.0 | ||||||||||
| Dec | 9.1 | ||||||||||
| 2007 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | Camino | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf |
| Jan | 1.1 | ||||||||||
| Feb | |||||||||||
| Mar | |||||||||||
| Apr | 9.2 | ||||||||||
| May | 1.6 | 1.0*[3] | |||||||||
| Jun | 1.5 | 3.0 | |||||||||
| Jul | 2.0 | ||||||||||
| Aug | 1.1[3] | ||||||||||
| Sep | |||||||||||
| Oct | 9.0 | ||||||||||
| Nov | |||||||||||
| Dec | |||||||||||
| 2008 | Lynx | Netscape | Opera | IE | Camino | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf |
| Jan | |||||||||||
| Feb | 9.0.0.6†[4] | ||||||||||
| Mar | 3.1 | 1.2[3] | |||||||||
| Apr | 1.6 | ||||||||||
| May | |||||||||||
| Jun | 9.5 | 3.0 | |||||||||
| Jul | |||||||||||
| Aug | |||||||||||
| Sep | 0.2.149.27* | ||||||||||
| Oct | 9.6 | ||||||||||
| Nov | |||||||||||
| Dec | 1.0 | 2.5 | |||||||||
| 2009 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | IE | Camino | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf |
| Jan | |||||||||||
| Feb | |||||||||||
| Mar | 8.0 | ||||||||||
| Apr | 2.0[3] | ||||||||||
| May | 2.0 | 2.1[3] | |||||||||
| Jun | 3.5 | 4.0 | |||||||||
| Jul | 2.8.7 | ||||||||||
| Aug | |||||||||||
| Sep | 3.0 | 10.0 | 5.1 | ||||||||
| Oct | 2.0 | ||||||||||
| Nov | 10.10 | 2.0 | |||||||||
| Dec | 6.0 | ||||||||||
2010s
The following table chronicles the major release dates during the 2010s for the more popular web browsers.
| 2010 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | IE | Camino | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4.0 | 3.6 | |||||||||
| Feb | |||||||||||
| Mar | 10.50 | ||||||||||
| Apr | 6.1 | 2.5[3] | |||||||||
| May | 5.0 | ||||||||||
| Jun | 4.1, 5.0 | ||||||||||
| Jul | 10.60 | 6.2 | |||||||||
| Aug | 6.3 | ||||||||||
| Sep | 6.0 | 3.0[5] | 2.6[3] | ||||||||
| Oct | 7.0 | ||||||||||
| Nov | |||||||||||
| Dec | 8.0 | 11.0 | |||||||||
| 2011 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | IE | Camino | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf |
| Jan | 6.4 | ||||||||||
| Feb | 9.0 | ||||||||||
| Mar | 10.0 | 9.0 | 4.0 | ||||||||
| Apr | 11.0 | 11.10 | 2.7[3] | ||||||||
| May | 6.5 | ||||||||||
| Jun | 12.0 | 11.50 | 2.1 | 5.0 | 3.1[6] | ||||||
| Jul | 2.2 | 5.1 | |||||||||
| Aug | 13.0 | 6.0 | |||||||||
| Sep | 14.0 | 2.4 | 7.0 | 2.8[3] | |||||||
| Oct | 15.0 | 3.2[6] | |||||||||
| Nov | 2.1 | 2.5 | 8.0 | ||||||||
| Dec | 16.0 | 11.60 | 2.6 | 9.0 | 3.3[6] | ||||||
| 2012 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | IE | Camino | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf |
| Jan | 2.7 | 10.0 | |||||||||
| Feb | 17.0 | ||||||||||
| Mar | 18.0 | 2.1.2†[7][8] | 2.8 | 11.0 | |||||||
| Apr | 2.9 | 12.0 | 6.7 | 2.9[3] | |||||||
| May | 19.0 | ||||||||||
| Jun | 12.00 | 2.10 | 13.0 | 3.4[6] | |||||||
| Jul | 20.0 | 2.11 | 14.0 | 6.0 | |||||||
| Aug | 21.0 | 2.12 | 15.0 | ||||||||
| Sep | 22.0 | 6.8 | |||||||||
| Oct | 10.0 | 2.13 | 16.0 | ||||||||
| Nov | 23.0 | 12.10 | 2.14 | 17.0 | 3.5[6] | ||||||
| Dec | 4.0[9] | ||||||||||
| 2013 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | IE | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf | |
| Jan | 24.0 | 2.15 | 18.0 | ||||||||
| Feb | 25.0 | 2.16 | 19.0 | ||||||||
| Mar | 26.0 | ||||||||||
| Apr | 12.15 | 2.17 | 20.0 | 3.0[3] | |||||||
| May | 27.0 | 21.0 | |||||||||
| Jun | 22.0 | 4.1[9] | |||||||||
| Jul | 28.0 | 15.0 | 2.19 | ||||||||
| Aug | 29.0 | 2.20 | 23.0 | ||||||||
| Sep | 16.0 | 2.21 | 24.0 | ||||||||
| Oct | 30.0 | 17.0 | 11.0 | 2.22 | 25.0 | 7.0 | |||||
| Nov | 31.0 | 18.0 | 4.2[9] | ||||||||
| Dec | 2.23 | 26.0 | |||||||||
| 2014 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | IE | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf | |
| Jan | 32.0 | 19.0 | |||||||||
| Feb | 2.8.8 | 33.0 | 2.24 | 27.0 | 4.3[9] | ||||||
| Mar | 20.0 | 2.25 | 28.0 | ||||||||
| Apr | 34.0 | 29.0 | 4.4[9] | 3.1[3] | |||||||
| May | 35.0 | 21.0 | 2.26 | ||||||||
| Jun | 22.0 | 30.0 | |||||||||
| Jul | 36.0 | 23.0 | 31.0 | 6.9 | |||||||
| Aug | 37.0 | 3.2[3] | |||||||||
| Sep | 24.0 | 32.0 | 7.1 | ||||||||
| Oct | 38.0 | 25.0 | 2.30 | 33.0 | 8.0 | ||||||
| Nov | 39.0 | ||||||||||
| Dec | 26.0 | 34.0 | |||||||||
| 2015 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | IE | Edge | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf |
| Jan | 40.0 | 2.32 | 35.0 | ||||||||
| Feb | 27.0 | 36.0 | |||||||||
| Mar | 41.0 | 28.0 | 2.33[10] | 37.0 | 3.3[3] | ||||||
| Apr | 42.0 | 29.0 | |||||||||
| May | 43.0 | 38.0 | |||||||||
| Jun | 30.0 | ||||||||||
| Jul | 44.0 | 20.10240[11] | 39.0 | ||||||||
| Aug | 31.0 | 40.0 | 6.10 | ||||||||
| Sep | 45.0 | 32.0 | 2.38[12] | 41.0 | 9.0[13] | 6.11 | |||||
| Oct | 46.0[14] | 33.0[15] | 4.4.8[9] | ||||||||
| Nov | 25.10586[16] | 2.39[17] | 42.0 | ||||||||
| Dec | 47.0 [18] | 34.0[19] | 43.0[20] | ||||||||
| 2016 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | IE | Edge | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf |
| Jan | 48.0 | 35.0 | 44.0 | 9.0.3 | 6.12 | ||||||
| Feb | 4.9[9] | 3.4[3] | |||||||||
| Mar | 49.0 | 36.0 | 2.40[21] | 45.0 | 9.1 | ||||||
| Apr | 50.0 | 46.0 | 6.13 | 3.5[3] | |||||||
| May | 51.0 | 37.0 | 6.14 | ||||||||
| Jun | 38.0 | 47.0 | |||||||||
| Jul | 52.0 | ||||||||||
| Aug | 53.0 | 39.0 | 38.14393 | 48.0 | |||||||
| Sep | 40.0[22] | 49.0[23] | 10.0[24] | ||||||||
| Oct | 54.0[25] | 41.0[26] | 11.0.36[27] | 4.9.4[9]
5.0[28] |
|||||||
| Nov | 50.0 | 6.15.0[29] | 3.6[3] | ||||||||
| Dec | 55.0 | 42.0 | 2.46 | ||||||||
| 2017 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | IE | Edge | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf |
| Jan | 56.0 | 51.0 | 10.1 | ||||||||
| Feb | 43.0 | ||||||||||
| Mar | 57.0 | 44.0 | 11.0.40 | 52.0 | |||||||
| Apr | 58.0 | 40.15063 | 53.0 | ||||||||
| May | 45.0 | ||||||||||
| Jun | 59.0 | 46.0 | 11.0.43 | 54.0 | |||||||
| Jul | 60.0 | 2.48 | 5.1[30] | ||||||||
| Aug | 47.0 | 55.0 | |||||||||
| Sep | 61.0 | 48.0 | 11.0.46 | 41.16299 | 56.0 | 11.0 | |||||
| Oct | 62.0 | 3.7[3] | |||||||||
| Nov | 49.0 | 2.49 | 57.0 | ||||||||
| Dec | 63.0 | ||||||||||
| 2018 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | IE | Edge | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf |
| Jan | 64.0 | 50.0 | 58.0 | ||||||||
| Feb | 51.0 | 6.15.2[31] | |||||||||
| Mar | 65.0 | 52.0 | 11.0.56 | 59.0 | 5.2[30] | ||||||
| Apr | 66.0 | 42.17134 | |||||||||
| May | 67.0 | 53.0 | 2.49.3 | 60.0 | |||||||
| Jun | 54.0 | 61.0 | |||||||||
| Jul | 2.8.9[32] | 68.0 | 2.49.4 | ||||||||
| Aug | 55.0 | 3.8[3] | |||||||||
| Sep | 69.0 | 56.0 | 62.0 | 12.0[33] | |||||||
| Oct | 70.0 | 44.17763 | 63.0 | ||||||||
| Nov | 57.0 | ||||||||||
| Dec | 71.0 | 64.0 | 12.0.2[34] | ||||||||
| 2019 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | IE | Edge | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf |
| Jan | 72.0 | 58.0 | 11.0.105[35] | 65.0 | |||||||
| Feb | |||||||||||
| Mar | 73.0 | 66.0 | 5.2.7[30] | ||||||||
| Apr | 74.0 | 60.0 | |||||||||
| May | 44.18362 | 67.0 | |||||||||
| Jun | 75.0 | 62.0 | |||||||||
| Jul | 76.0 | 68.0 | 3.9[3] | ||||||||
| Aug | 63.0 | ||||||||||
| Sep | 77.0 | 44.18362.387.0 | 2.49.5 | 69.0 | 13.0 | ||||||
| Oct | 78.0 | 64.0 | 11.0.155[36] | 70.0 | 5.3.8[30] | ||||||
| Nov | 65.0 | ||||||||||
| Dec | 79.0 | 71.0 |
2020s
The following table chronicles the major release dates during the 2020s for the more popular web browsers.
| 2020 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | IE | Edge | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 66.0 | 11.0.170 | 79.0 | 72.0 | |||||||
| Feb | 80.0 | 67.0 | 80.0 | 2.53.1 | 73.0 | ||||||
| Mar | 74.0 | 13.1 | |||||||||
| Apr | 81.0 | 68.0 | 81.0 | 75.0 | |||||||
| May | 83.0 | 83.0 | 2.53.2 | 76.0 | 3.10[3] | ||||||
| Jun | 69.0 | 77.0 | |||||||||
| Jul | 84.0 | 70.0 | 84.0 | 2.53.3 | 79.0 | ||||||
| Aug | 85.0 | 85.0 | 80.0 | ||||||||
| Sep | 2.9.0dev.6[37] | 71.0 | 11.0.210† | 2.53.4 | 81.0 | 14.0 | |||||
| Oct | 86.0 | 72.0 | 86.0 | 82.0 | |||||||
| Nov | 87.0 | 87.0 | 2.53.5 | 83.0 | 6.1.0[38] | ||||||
| Dec | 73.0 | 84.0 | 14.0.2[39] | ||||||||
| 2021 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | Edge | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf | |
| Jan | 88.0 | 88.0 | 2.53.6 | 85.0 | |||||||
| Feb | 74.0 | 86.0 | |||||||||
| Mar | 89.0 | 75.0 | 89.0 | 2.53.7 | 87.0 | ||||||
| Apr | 90.0 | 76.0 | 90.0 | 88.0 | |||||||
| May | 91.0 | 91.0 | |||||||||
| Jun | 77.0 | 2.53.8 | 89.0 | ||||||||
| Jul | 92.0 | 92.0 | 2.53.8.1 | 90.0 | |||||||
| Aug | 93.0 | 78.0 | 93.0 | 2.53.9 | 91.0 | ||||||
| Sep | 94.0 | 79.0 | 94.0 | 2.53.9.1 | 92.0 | 15.0 | |||||
| Oct | 95.0 | 80.0 | 95.0 | 93.0 | |||||||
| Nov | 96.0 | 81.0 | 96.0 | 2.53.10 | 94.0 | ||||||
| Dec | 82.0 | 2.53.10.2 | 95.0 | ||||||||
| 2022 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | Edge | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf | |
| Jan | 97.0 | 83.0 | 97.0 | 96.0 | |||||||
| Feb | 98.0 | 84.0 | 98.0 | 97.0 | |||||||
| Mar | 99.0 | 85.0 | 99.0 | 2.53.11 | 98.0 | 15.4 | |||||
| Apr | 101.0 | 86.0 | 101.0 | 99.0 | |||||||
| May | 102.0 | 87.0 | 102.0 | 2.53.12 | 101.0 | ||||||
| Jun | 103.0 | 88.0 | 103.0 | 102.0 | |||||||
| Jul | 104.0 | 89.0 | 2.53.13 | 103.0 | |||||||
| Aug | 105.0 | 90.0 | 104.0 | 104.0 | |||||||
| Sep | 106.0 | 91.0 | 105.0 | 2.53.14 | 105.0 | 16.0 | |||||
| Oct | 107.0 | 92.0 | 107.0 | 106.0 | |||||||
| Nov | 108.0 | 93.0 | 107.0 | ||||||||
| Dec | 94.0 | 108.0 | 108.0 | ||||||||
| 2023 | Lynx | Chrome | Opera | Edge | SeaMonkey | Firefox | Safari | Maxthon | Lunascape | NetSurf | |
| Jan | 109.0 | 109.0 | 2.53.15 | 109.0 | |||||||
| Feb | 110.0 | 95.0 | 110.0 | 110.0 | |||||||
| Mar | 111.0 | 97.0 | 111.0 | 2.53.16 | 111.0 | ||||||
| Apr | 112.0 | 98.0 | 112.0 | 112.0 | |||||||
| May | 114.0 | 99.0 | 113.0 | 113.0 | |||||||
| Jun | 100.0 | 114.0 | 114.0 | ||||||||
| Jul | 115.0 | 101.0 | 115.0 | 115.0 | |||||||
| Aug | 116.0 | 102.0 | 116.0 | 2.53.17 | 117.0 | ||||||
| Sep | 117.0 | 117.0 | 2.53.17.1 | 118.0 | |||||||
| Oct | 118.0 | 104.0 | 118.0 | 119.0 | |||||||
- * Initial release
- † No subsequent releases are planned
References
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External links
- Eric A. Meyer's take on a timeline structure for historical browsers
- Fresh-browsers.com displays the history of major web browsers
- Google Chrome team's The Evolution of the Web Archived 2021-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
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