Battle of Muş

The Battle of Muş, also known as the Muş Campaign, took place during World War I in the southeastern Anatolian region of Turkey. General Mustafa Kemal (later known as Atatürk) played a key role in this battle.[5]

Battle of Muş
Part of Caucasus Campaign
Date8 August 1916[1]
Location
Muş, Turkey
Result Ottoman victory[2]
Belligerents
 Ottoman Empire

 Russian Empire

Commanders and leaders
Ottoman Empire Mustafa Kemal Pasha

Russian Empire Nikolai Istomin

Russian Empire Nikolai Yudenich
Russian EmpireTovmas Nazarbekian[4]

Battle

Facing a collapsing eastern front and the threat of Russian incursion into Ottoman territories, Kemal's exceptional leadership skills led to his appointment as commander of a corps in Edirne and later in Diyarbakir. His primary objective was to contain the advancing Russian forces, who launched simultaneous offensives from the north and south.[5]

The Russian army swiftly captured strategic cities like Erzurum and Trabzon in the north, as well as Muş and Bitlis in the south with the support of Armenian volunteers. The situation became critical, with the eastern front on the verge of complete collapse and the potential risk of Russian incursion into Mesopotamia.[5]

In the face of this dire situation, Mustafa Kemal, now a brigadier general, displayed tactical brilliance. With swift and decisive action, he successfully halted the Russian advance.[6] In August 1916, Kemal launched a surprise attack, leading his forces to recapture Muş.[7][8]

Notes and References
  1. Mert, İsmail Çorbacı, Yüksel (2014). Bilinmeyen Atatürk (in Arabic). Az Kitap. ISBN 978-605-4812-17-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. Mango, Andrew (26 August 2002). Atatürk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey. Abrams. ISBN 978-1-59020-924-0.
  3. Kreiser, Klaus (2014). Atatürk: eine Biographie (in German). Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-66594-3.
  4. Monnier, Fabrice (9 April 2015). Atatürk. La naissance de la Turquie moderne: Naissance de la turquie moderne (in French). CNRS Editions. ISBN 978-2-271-08615-0. Le 2 août, le 16e corps de Mustafa Kemal, appuyé par des irréguliers kurdes, attaque à nouveau Muş et Bitlis. Menacé d'encerclement, le général russe Tovmas Nazarbekov évacue Bitlis le 5 août puis, quelques jours plus tard, Muş.
  5. Erickson, Edward J. (20 August 2013). Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-0458-7.
  6. Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü (7 March 2017). Atatürk: An Intellectual Biography. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17582-9.
  7. Hanioglu, Sükrü (27 January 2016). Atatürk: Une biographie intellectuelle (in French). Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-68802-2.
  8. Gawrych, George W. (16 April 2013). The Young Atatürk: From Ottoman Soldier to Statesman of Turkey. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-205-8.

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