Battle of Częstochowa (1939)

On September 1, the Częstochowa region was assaulted by the 1st Panzer Division, 4th Panzer Division, 4th Infantry Division, 14th Infantry Division, 31st Infantry Division and 46th Infantry Division.[3] Advance units in front of the main Częstochową defenses were isolated from each other and battled with the German attackers throughout the day, after which the Polish defenders retired to the main Częstochową defenses behind them.[3] That evening at Gnaszyn position, in the main defenses near Częstochową, an ambush was conducted by soldiers of the 25th infantry regiment who launched a surprise attack on a staff car alongside a motorcycle.[3] This ambush yielded maps and a captured Oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel or commissioned officer) who was sent to a field hospital.[3] Maps and the vehicle captured in the ambush were sent to divisional HQ.[3] After the German Army advanced on Gnaszyn, the German soldiers brutally repressed the Polish soldiers in revenge for the ambush.[3]

On September 2, the Germans launched an intense but ineffective artillery barrage from the South.[3] On September 2, the 7th anti-aircraft artillery battery shot down 6 German planes and damaged several more.[3] The Poles lost one aircraft and its crew (PZL.23 Karaś), during an air raid on a German column on the Truskolasy-Węczyca Wielka road. One plane from the 64th bomber squadron was lost, but the pilot managed to bring the plane back to Polish lines.[3] The next day further aircraft losses occurred when a PZL.23 Karaś aircraft from 22nd bomber squadron was shot down by a German fighter, which crashed in Gnaszyn.[3]

Around noon, German units launched an attack on the Lisiniec area from the Szarlejka area.[3] The advance units then retreated to the main defenses where the German attack was halted.[3] The Germans lost five tanks in the attack.[3] Meanwhile in the area of Czarny Las, a sharpshooter destroyed three armored cars (most likely with a Wz. 35 anti-tank rifle), in which Polish forces found maps and other intelligence.[3] In the late afternoon, a massive attack by German tanks and infantry was carried out on the defensive positions near Kiedrzyn, Lisiniec, Błeszne and Wrzosowa.[3] The fight in Kiedrzyn between the 27th Infantry Regiment and the 1st Panzer Division lasted from 5:30 pm to 7:30 pm.[3] In total, the Poles, defending themselves in shelters and artillery positions, destroyed over 40 German tanks and armored cars.[3] In the area of Błeszno and Wrzosowa, some units of the 74th infantry regiment were forced back but after a counterattack, they retook their original positions from the Germans who suffered many casualties.[3] The 74th infantry regiment took 30 prisoners and a few machine guns.[3]

Subsequent attacks by German forces were successfully repelled by Polish forces until the evening.[3] The strong Polish resistance in Częstochową forced the Germans to encircle the city and the Polish division defending it.[3] In response to the threat of encirclement, the staff of the 7th Division on the night of September 2 withdrew the division from the city to the village of Janów before the encirclement was completed.[3] The last units left the city in the early morning of September 3, blowing up bridges on the Warta River as they left.[3]

The 7th Infantry Division was defeated on September 3–4 by German forces during its retreat to Janów and Złoty Potok.[4] Its commander General Janusz Gąsiorowski, was taken prisoner and staff documents, including the codes of the Polish Army, fell into German hands.