Highways in Hungary

Controlled-access highways in Hungary are dual carriageways, grade separated with controlled-access, designed for high speeds. The legislation amendments define two types of highways: motorways (Hungarian: autópálya) and expressways (Hungarian: autóút).

Highways in Hungary in February 2022. Dark blue lines depict sections in use, turquoise lines show sections under construction or proposed highways.

The main differences are that motorways feature emergency lanes and the maximum allowed speed limit is 130 km/h (81 mph), while expressways may be built without them and the speed limit is 110 km/h (68 mph).

According to Magyar Közút Nonprofit Zrt. (Hungarian Public Roads Ltd.; a state-owned enterprise responsible for the operation and maintenance of public roads in the country), the total length of the Hungarian highway system was 1,855 kilometers in 2022.[1] The construction of the Hungarian highway system started in 1964 with M7, which connected Budapest with Lake Balaton by 1975. The total length of the system reached a milestone of 200 km in 1980, surpassed 500 km in 1998 and 1000 km in 2007.

As of July, 2022, the Hungarian highway network comprises 26 highways (13 motorways and 13 expressways), 12 of which (M1, M5, M7, M15, M19, M25, M30, M31, M35, M43, M51 and M70) have reached their total planned length.

Technical parameters

Road signs are white shield on blue and the abbreviation for both types of highways is M.

  • Motorways are public roads with controlled access which are designated for motor vehicles only, and feature two carriageways with at least two continuous lanes each with paved emergency lanes, divided by a median. They have no one-level intersections with any roads or other forms of land and water transport. They are equipped with roadside rest areas, which are intended only for the users of the motorway.
  • Expressways share most of the characteristics of motorways, differing mainly in that:
  1. Expressways may be built without paved emergency lanes.
  2. Expressways are designated for lower speed than motorways. For example, the road curvature can be higher and the lanes are usually narrower (3.5 m vs 3.75 m).
  3. Expressways can have a single carriageway on sections with low traffic density.

Speed limits

Maximum speed (km/h)
Vehicle
Motorways
Expressways
  • Private car, motorbike, van up to 3.5 t (does not apply if towing trailer)
130 110
  • Bus meeting additional technical requirements
100 70
  • Truck or van over 3.5 t, bus
  • Vehicle signed as carrying e.g. dangerous, fragile articles
  • Car, motorbike, van or bus towing trailer
80 70
Not allowed on motorways: pedestrians, bikes, mopeds, agricultural vehicles. Minimal speed on motorways is 60 km/h unless there are any extraordinary circumstances (e.g., snow, ice, or a car broken down). It is forbidden to stop except extraordinary situations, or travel backwards. Roads are protected from animals crossing the road.

Highway system

Motorways and Expressways

The following is a list of all existing and/or under construction highways in Hungary.

Sign E-roads Class Route Planned
total length
(km)
In use U/C
(km)[2]
Map
From Via To (km)[2] %

Biatorbágy
( )
Törökbálint ( ) – Budafok-Tétény ( ) – Dunaharaszti ( ) – Gyál ( ) – Vecsés ( ) – Nagytarcsa ( ) – Újpalota ( ) – Dunakeszi ( ) – Üröm Budaörs
( )
109 77 71% 0

Budapest Budaörs ( ) – Biatorbágy ( ) – TatabányaKisigmánd ( ) – Győr( ) – Levél ( ) – Mosonmagyaróvár Hegyeshalom
Austria
171 171 100% N/A
Dunakeszi
( )
VácRétság Hont–Parassapuszta
Slovakia
68 30 44% 0

Budapest
( )
Gödöllő ( ) – Kál ( ) – Emőd ( ) – Görbeháza ( ) – NyíregyházaŐr ( ) – Vásárosnamény ( ) Beregdaróc
Ukraine
307 280 91% 0
/ Budapest Vecsés ( ) – Abony ( ) – SzolnokPüspökladányBerettyóújfalu ( ) Nagykereki
Romania
223 130 58% 0
Budapest Gyál ( ) – Kecskemét ( ) – Szeged ( ) Röszke
Serbia
173 173 100% N/A
Budapest
( )
Budafok-Tétény ( ) – Dunaújváros ( ) – Szekszárd ( ) – Bóly ( ) Ivándárda
Croatia
212 193 91% 19
Budapest Törökbálint ( ) – Székesfehérvár ( ) – Balatonfőkajár ( ) – SiófokHollád ( ) – Nagykanizsa Letenye
( ) Croatia
233 233 100% N/A
Balatonfőkajár
( )
Sárbogárd ( ) – Dunaújváros ( ) – Kecskemét ( ) – Nagykőrös ( ) Abony
( )
163 8 5% 0
Szekszárd
( )
Nemesnádudvar 31 21 68% 0
Levél
( )
Rajka
Slovakia
15 15 100% N/A
Győr East
( )
Győr North 9 9 100% N/A
Kál East
( )
Eger 18 18 100% N/A
Emőd
( )
Miskolc Tornyosnémeti
Slovakia
86 86 100% N/A
Nagytarcsa
( )
Gödöllő
( )
12 12 100% N/A
Görbeháza
( )
Debrecen Berettyóújfalu
( )
69 69 100% N/A
Szeged
( )
Makó Csanádpalota
Romania
58 58 100% N/A
Nagykőrös
( )
Szarvas Békéscsaba 111 80 72% 14
Budapest
( )
(section of the former route of ) Budapest
( )
4 4 100% N/A
Bóly ( ) PécsSzigetvár ( ) Barcs
Croatia
97 32 33% 0
Letenye ( ) Tornyiszentmiklós
Slovenia
21 21 100% N/A
Hollád ( ) KeszthelyZalaegerszeg Körmend
( )
83 9 11% 0
Körmend
( )
Rábafüzes
Austria
28 27 96% 1
Győr
( )
Pápa 36 0 0% 36
Győr
( )
Csorna ( ) Sopron
Austria
95 89 94% 6
Körmend
( )
Szombathely ( ) – Csorna ( ) Levél ( ) 122 64 53% 0
Szombathely
( )
Kőszeg
Austria
22 1 5% 0

Major motorways

M1
M1 between Budapest and Tatabánya

The M1 starts from the western part of Budapest, it connects the Hungarian capital with Győr and northwestern part of Hungary, towards Vienna. The motorway is part of the Pan-European Corridor IV, and European route E60, E65 and E75. Average daily traffic is 75,510 near Budapest and 56,421 vehicles/day near Győr.[3] The construction of the motorway began 1964, it took more than thirty years to reach Hegyeshalom and the Austrian border. Its significance has increased since the change of regime in 1990, and today it is the most important western connection in Hungary.

Main junctions:

M3
M3 in Kisbag rest area

The M3 starts from north-eastern part of Budapest, it connects the Hungarian capital with Nyíregyháza and northeast part of Hungary, towards Mukachevo. The motorway is part of the Venice-Trieste-Ljubljana-Budapest-Lviv-Kyiv line Central-East Europe Corridor V, and European route E71, E79, E573 and E579. This is one of the most important route of the Hungarian motorway and road network, the southwest-north-eastern diagonal main line of traffic forming part of Budapest. Through Ukraine, Eastern Europe, and through Slovakia, creates a highway connection to the countries of north-eastern Europe.

Main junctions:

M5
M5 near Lajosmizse

The M5 starts from Budapest, it connects the Hungarian capital with Szeged and southeast part of Hungary, towards Belgrade. It was the third motorway in Hungary that reached the border. The motorway is part of the Pan-European Corridor X, and European route E75. The motorway was built in the 1980s and reached the Serbian border in March 2006.

Main junctions:

M6
M6 near Százhalombatta

The M6 starts from Budapest (M0-M6 Interchange), it connects the Hungarian capital with Mohács, on the right bank of the Danube in the south, towards Osijek and Sarajevo. The motorway is part of the European route E73. The final section reaching the border is currently under construction with a planned opening date in 2024. The connecting Croatian section is scheduled to be delivered a year earlier.

Main junctions:

M7
M7 at Köröshegy Viaduct

The M7 starts from western part of Budapest, it connects the Hungarian capital with Lake Balaton and southwestern part of Hungary, towards Zagreb. The motorway is part of the Pan-European Corridor V, and European route E71. Average daily traffic is 62,779 near Budapest and 49,273 vehicles/day near Székesfehérvár.[3] The motorway was built in the 1960s and reached the Croatian border in October 2008.

Main junctions:

Planned Highways

List of planned highways (motorways and expressways)

Sign E-roads Class Route Planned
total length
(km)
Planning
status
Map
From Via To
Budapest
( )
PilisvörösvárKesztölc ( ) Esztergom
Slovakia
34 km under
planning
Abony
( )
Kál
( )
63 km under
planning
Vásárosnamény
( )
Záhony
Ukraine
39 km under
planning
Őr
( )
Mátészalka Csenger
Romania
45 km under
planning
Sárbogárd
( )
Kisigmánd ( ) – Székesfehérvár ( ) Komárom
Slovakia
114 km under
planning
Hollád
( )
KaposvárSzigetvár ( ), then Bóly ( ) – Tompa Szeged
( )
90 + 131 km under
planning
Bicske
( )
Kesztölc
( )
32 km under
planning

Rapid Roads

A third tier of highways, called 'Rapid Road' (in Hungarian: Gyorsút), was introduced in a 2015 Government Decree.[4] Rapid roads were defined as dual carriageways with lower standards than that of an expressway, and the level intersection (e.g., traffic light node, roundabout) is permissible. Similarly to expressways, the speed limit was defined as 110 km/h or 70 mph. The concept was abandoned in 2018, with some Rapid Roads upgraded as expressways, and others becoming 2x2 lane main roads.

This is a list of previously planned Rapid Roads:

Number Route Length Note
R8 SzékesfehérvárHerend 58  km name changed back to main road
Esztergom ?  km replaced with expressways and
Hatvan Somoskőújfalu ?  km name changed back to main road
Kaposvár 46 km renamed to main road
Győr ( ) – Pápa 36 km upgraded to expressway
Main road 5 near Kecskemét.
Main road 21 near Zagyvaszántó.

Main roads with 2x2 traffic lanes

There are several dual carriageway main road sections in Hungary, which are similar in most technological respects to expressways but allow at-grade intersections. Speed limit at designated sections of these roads is 110 km/h or 70 mph.

Toll requirements

Road sign indicating start of toll roads
Road sign indicating end of toll roads

Motorcars up to 3.5 tonnes

All vehicles must have an electronic vignette to use the motorways and expressways in Hungary. Cars, vans and motorbikes up to 3.5 tonnes only need to buy a single vignette which costs 5,500 Hungarian forint (Ft) for 10 days, 8,900 Ft for 1 month and 49,190 Ft for a year.[5] The e-vignette user charge system applies to motorcycles, passenger cars and their trailers, as well as cargo vehicles with a maximum permissible gross weight of 3.5 tonnes, campers and buses, and their trailers. These vehicles are authorized to use the Hungarian toll speedway network's roads exclusively with pre-purchased –purchased prior to entering a toll speedway section– road use authorization, i.e. e-vignettes. The amount of toll charges depends on the category of the vehicle and the type of the e-vignette. The category of the motor vehicles must be determined according to the official entry that appears in the vehicle registration certificate, based on the maximum permissible gross weight of the motor vehicle and the number of persons it is allowed to transport.[6]

All vignettes are checked via ANPR cameras or the police will pull a driver over and the driver will have to show a vignette via the E-vignette app or the driver will print out a sheet with the payment. If failing to buy a e-vignette the driver will face fines from 18,750 Ft to 74,970 Ft.[7]

Hungarian system has 2 main type in terms of salary (for motorcycles, passenger cars, buses, trailers, vans up to 3.5 t):

  1. time-based fee vignettes (E-vigentte system)
  2. regional vignettes (annual vignette for Hungarian counties)

All the sections of motorways and expressways are toll roads except for these sections:[8]

  • the following sections of the expressway: – 63 km
    • the section between Main Road 1 (exit −1) and the M5 motorway (exit 32),
    • the section between M4 expressway (exit 41) and M3 motorway (exit 68),
    • Megyeri Bridge (the section between Main Road 11 and Main Road 2), (exit 74–77).
  • the section of the motorway between the Miskolc-South and Miskolc-North junctions (exit 24–31)
  • the motorway – 12 km
  • the section of expressway (sign of Main Road 4) between the road leading from Vecsés to Budapest Liszt Ferenc International Airport (section between km section 19+550 and km section 20+518)
  • the Pécs south-west loop section of the motorway between roads no. 58 (exit 30) and 5826 (exit 32) – 2 km
  • the section of the expressway between Balatonszentgyörgy/Balatonberény and Keszthely‑Fenékpuszta (exit 0–8)
  • the motorway
  • the expressway – 29 km
  • the section of expressway between Main Roads 6 and 51

Vehicles over 3.5 tonnes

Lorries have to buy an e-toll Via E-toll app to use the highways and expressways. There are different fares for lorries below 3.5 tonnes and lorries above 3.5 tonnes.

History

Development of the overall length (at the end of):

Year1964197019751980198519901996200220062010201420162017 201820192020
Length in km7851362133023614406389671,2901,3821,4811,489 1,5241,6001,740
Year Length (km) Year Length (km) Year Length (km)
19647 2003667 20131,361
197085 2004717 20141,370
1975136 2005803 20151,447
1980213 2006967 20161,481
1985302 20071,037 20171,490
1990361 20081,113 20181,524
1996440 20091,118 20191,600
2001571 20101,290 20201,740
2002638 20111,321 20211,851
IEA-PVPS,[9]

Hungarian highways network since 1964

500
1,000
1,500
2,000
1964
1975
1985
1996
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2020

[10]

Opening of new highway sections

Construction of new motorways in recent years has been hampered due to corruption scandals and austerity measures as well as owing to new European rules under which old EIA assessments lapsed. In the coming years, the highway network expansion focuses on connecting all major cities into the highway network, and on the completion of highways in the border region of Hungary. Construction of non-radial roads continues to be slow.

Sign From To Length Construction started Planned opening Notes
Győr Tét 17.6 km 10/2020 Q4/2023[11] connects the city of Pápa into the highway system
Tét Pápa 18.4 km 10/2020 Q4/2023[12] connects the city of Pápa into the highway system
Bóly Ivándárda 20 km 07/2021 Q1/2024[13] extends the motorway to the border with Croatia
Lakitelek Szentkirály 4.6 km 02/2020 Q1/2024[14]
Sopron North (Fertőrákos) Sopron North-West 4.0 km 12/2019 Q3/2024[15] includes a 780 m long tunnel
Kecskemét (M5) Szentkirály 32.3 km 03/2022 Q1/2025[16] completes M44 and connects the city of Békéscsaba into the highway system

See also

References

    1. Magyar Közút Zrt. (2022). "Az állami közúthálózatról". www.kozut.hu. Archived from the original on 2015-03-23. Retrieved 2022-07-18.
    2. "Podnikateľský plán 2019" [Business plan 2019] (PDF). ndsas.sk (in Slovak). Národná diaľničná spoločnosť, a.s. 2018-11-06. p. 42. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-04-28.
    3. "Az autópálya-hálózat forgalmi menedzsment tervének elõkészítõ vizsgálatai – forgalmi elemzések" (PDF) (in Hungarian). ktenet.hu.
    4. 1784/2015. (X. 30.) Korm. határozat
    5. "National Toll Payment Services PLC". toll-charge.hu.
    6. "National Toll Payment Services PLC". toll-charge.hu.
    7. "National Toll Payment Services PLC". toll-charge.hu.
    8. "National Toll Payment Services PLC". toll-charge.hu.
    9. http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2017.pdf
    10. This list contains the limited-access roads (expressways) in Hungary with (at least) four traffic lanes and median.
    11. "Indul az építkezés: 36 kilométernyi négysávos úttal gazdagodik Észak-Dunántúl". Nif.hu. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
    12. "Indul az építkezés: 36 kilométernyi négysávos úttal gazdagodik Észak-Dunántúl". Nif.hu. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
    13. "Letették az M6 autópálya befejező szakaszának szakasz alapkövét". Nif.hu. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
    14. "Békéscsaba megközelítése – M44 Szentkiraly-Lakitelek". Nif.hu. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
    15. "Sopron megközelítése, M85 autóút Fertőrákos csomópont – Sopron oh. szakasz a 8647. jelű Sopron ÉNy-i elkerülő úttal alapkövét". Nif.hu. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
    16. "Megkezdődnek a munkák az M44 gyorsforgalmi út M5 autópálya és Szentkirály közötti szakaszán". Nif.hu. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
    General
    • Magyarország autóatlasz (Road atlas of Hungary), Dimap-Szarvas, Budapest, 2004
    • Magyarország autóatlasz (Road atlas of Hungary), Dimap-Szarvas, Budapest, 2013
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