Attack on Forest City

The Attack on Forest City was a battle of the Dakota War of 1862. After fighting two engagements at Acton and Hutchinson, Chief Little Crow attacked the stockaded town of Forest City on September 4, 1862. The attack resulted in sporadic shootouts, the burning of several buildings, and the theft of horses found around the town, but the defenders repelled any attempt to damage the fort. After the battle, Little Crow withdrew back into southwestern Minnesota.

Attack on Forest City
Part of Dakota War of 1862, American Civil War

Gate of the modern reconstruction of the Forest City Stockade
DateSeptember 4, 1862
Location
Forest City, Meeker County, Minnesota
45°12′23″N 94°27′59″W
Result United States Victory
Belligerents
 United States Santee-Sioux
Commanders and leaders
Captain George. C. Whitcomb Chief Little Crow
Units involved
Meeker County Volunteer Militia Little Crow's Band
Strength
77 200–250
Casualties and losses
1 Wounded

3 Killed

Unknown Wounded

Background

Little Crow Attacks in the Big Woods

After the outbreak of the Dakota War on August 18, 1862, word quickly travelled throughout Minnesota of atrocities committed by advancing Dakota warriors. With a limited number of army units defending the frontier due to the ongoing American Civil War, many settlements took initiative in their own defense.[1][2] When Little Crow advanced into the Big Woods region of Minnesota he crossed into Meeker County and ambushed Captain Richard Strout's detachment of the 10th Minnesota Infantry Regiment. The Minnesotans broke through the encirclement, however and reached the defenses of Hutchinson in McLeod County. Hutchinson was then attacked and almost entirely burnt to the ground aside from the stockade and a few buildings.[3] Little Crow's band made off with over 100 livestock and an untold amount of loot,[3] but they could not defeat the defenders.

Chief Little Crow in Washington D.C, 1858

The Situation in Forest City

By August 23 Forest City was nearly abandoned: almost everyone besides 13 men and three women had fled.[4] The same day, Meeker County Treasurer George C. Whitcomb arrived with 44 various firearms and 2,000 rounds of ammunition on the order of Governor Ramsey. The next day, Whitcomb was commissioned as a Captain in the Minnesota Volunteer Irregulars and recruited 60 men from the community (this number would climb to 77 according to the muster list). From August 24 to September 1 the men split up into teams to obtain provisions, horses, materials for a stockade, and bury the dead in the vicinity. Doing so was harrowing, as a few small skirmishes broke out between them and small parties of warriors scouting the area. Several men were killed or wounded.[4]

The Stockade is Built
Modern Reconstruction of the Forest City Stockade
Main article: Forest City Stockade

On September 2 Captain Strout's detachment arrived at Forest City, then marched to Swede Grove where one of the skirmishes that injured one settler and killed two Dakota took place the day before.[4] Whitcomb's men discovered that 200 Dakota warriors under the command of Little Crow camped near Acton and three men rode out on horseback to warn Strout.[5] The detachment received the warning, but would still fight a running battle to Hutchinson. They would fight again in the cover of the stockade there on September 4. The news of a large number of Dakota warriors present and attacking an army unit ensured the quick construction of a stockade in Forest City, which was completed within 24 hours of the beginning of the Battle of Acton.[4] It was 120 square-feet and could house around 200 defenders and civilians. The wooden logs used in its construction were three feet deep and protruded upwards ten more.[4]

Attack

At 3:00 am on September 4, 200–250 warriors were seen advancing on the town.[4] Seeing the settlers here were prepared, the Dakota resorted to setting fire to at least six homes and one barn.[4] The warriors then took livestock and horses as some began to leave the field with their newfound plunder. The defenders in the stockade fired at the enemy, killing around two-three men; only one defender was injured.[4] At 5:00 am the warriors split off in three groups and left.

Aftermath

With the attacks on Forest City and Hutchinson over, Little Crow's incursion had lost momentum. His bands carried off the livestock and spoils taken that day back to the southwestern part of the state. On September 23, he would be defeated by Col. Henry Hastings Sibley at the Battle of Wood Lake in modern day Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota. Whitcomb took credit for leading the defense of Forest City and the stockade continued to serve as a refuge for fleeing settlers for the remainder of the war. On September 15, Captain Petit's Company B of the 8th Minnesota Infantry Regiment arrived to defend the vicinity.

Forest City Stockade today
Reconstructed Forest City Stockade in Winter

Today the Forest City stockade has been reconstructed and resides near Minnesota State Highway 24 between Litchfield and Forest City.[6] An annual Threshing Bee takes place in August and many people including reenactors and living historians volunteer to depict 1800s style life in local events.

References
  1. "The Dakota War of 1862 – Minnesota Historical Society". shop.mnhs.org. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  2. "Massacre in Minnesota". University of Oklahoma Press. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  3. "The Battle in Hutchinson, Sept. 4, 1862". Crow River Media. 2016-09-04. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  4. "Forest City Stockade – History at a Glance". www.forestcitystockade.org. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  5. "The Tenth Minnesota Volunteers, 1862–1865 – McFarland". mcfarlandbooks.com. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
  6. "Forest City Attack".
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