Ascidae

Ascidae is a family of mites in the order Mesostigmata.[1]

Ascidae
Temporal range:
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Mesostigmata
Superfamily: Ascoidea
Family: Ascidae
Oudemans, 1905

Description

Ascidae are mites characterised by: seta st4 usually on unsclerotised cuticle, peritrematic shield broadly connected to exopodal shield beside coxa IV, fixed cheliceral digit with setiform pilus dentilis and movable cheliceral digit usually with two teeth, sternal shield with three pairs of lyrifissures and the third pair usually on the shield's posterior margin, genital shield truncate to convex posteriorly (tapering in some Antennoseius), with an anal shield bearing only circumanal setae (rare) or a ventrianal shield bearing additionally up to seven pairs of setae, and spermathecal apparatus laelapid-type.[2]

This family is morphologically similar to Blattisociidae and Melicharidae, and these families were formerly included within Ascidae.[2]

Life cycle

The life cycle of Ascidae consists of the stages egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult. Each stage has a duration measurable in days. The total lifespan is similarly short, being on average 27 days in Arctoseius semiscissus and 19 days in Proctolaelaps deleoni.[3]

Ecology

Ascidae include epedaphic species that hunt on the soil surface in the litter layer. These prey on other small arthropods, particularly springtails (Collembola).[4] Nematophagy (consumption of nematodes) is also prevalent in soil-dwelling Ascidae.[5]

Other habitats from which Ascidae have been collected include under bark of dead trees, on small mammals, and in nests of birds and mammals.

Though mostly terrestrial, some ascids live on wet plants and detritus and on the water surface of marginal freshwater habitats. These walk about on the surface film and feed on the floating egg masses of nematocerous flies such as mosquitoes.[6]

Ascidae can disperse to new environments via phoresis: riding on larger arthropods. Species of Arctoseius are phoretic on adults of mushroom sciarid fly, Lycoriella auripila (whose eggs and larvae they consume),[3] while aquatic ascids are phoretic on adult crane flies.[6]

Zoogeography

Ascidae occur in many countries and regions. The highest numbers of species, endemic species and genera occur in the Palearctic. On the other hand, the most speciose genus, Asca, has the most species in the Neotropical and Oriental regions. Ascidae is believed to have originated from the Palearctic.[7]

Genera

References
  1. David Evans Walter (ed.). "Ascidae Species Listing". Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Archived from the original on 7 August 2010. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
  2. Moraes, Gilberto J. De; Britto, Erika P.J.; Mineiro, Jefferson L. De C.; Halliday, Bruce (2016-05-19). "Catalogue of the mite families Ascidae Voigts & Oudemans, Blattisociidae Garman and Melicharidae Hirschmann (Acari: Mesostigmata)". Zootaxa. 4112 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4112.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 27395107.
  3. Rudzíska, Małgorzata (1998). "Life history of the phoretic predatory mite Arctoseius semiscissus (Acari: Ascidae) on a diet of sciarid fly eggs". Experimental & Applied Acarology. 22 (11): 643–648. doi:10.1023/A:1006050020450.
  4. Koehler, H.H. (1999), "Predatory mites (Gamasina, Mesostigmata)", Invertebrate Biodiversity as Bioindicators of Sustainable Landscapes, Elsevier, pp. 395–410, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-50019-9.50022-4, ISBN 978-0-444-50019-9, retrieved 2022-10-04
  5. Halliday, R. B.; Walter, D. E.; Lindquist, E. E. (1998). "Revision of the Australian Ascidae (Acarina : Mesostigmata)". Invertebrate Systematics. 12 (1): 1. doi:10.1071/IT96029. ISSN 1445-5226.
  6. Smith, Ian M.; Smith, Bruce P.; Cook, David R. (2001), "Water Mites (Hydrachnida) and Other Arachnids", Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates, Elsevier, pp. 551–659, doi:10.1016/b978-012690647-9/50017-x, ISBN 978-0-12-690647-9, retrieved 2022-10-04
  7. Santos, Jandir C.; Rueda-Ramírez, Diana; Demite, Peterson R.; De Moraes, Gilberto J. (2018-02-05). "Ascidae, Blattisociidae and Melicharidae (Acari: Mesostigmata): zoogeographic analyses based on newly available databases". Zootaxa. 4377 (4): 542. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4377.4.4. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 29690039.
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