Arak, Iran

Originally named Soltan Abad, the modern-day city of Arak was founded in 1808 by Yusef Khan-e Gorji,[12] a pro-Iranian warlord of Georgian Muslim origin who was given refuge by Qajar ruler Agha Mohammad Khan following a territorial dispute with his cousins, who were supported by Russian empress Catherine the Great.

Between 1795 and 1797, Yusef Khan-e Gorji, renamed Yusef Khan-e Sepahdar by the Qajar ruler, settled his army in the fertile but poorly-controlled territory that would become the modern-day Arak. Hostile tribes in the region had operated autonomously from the Qajar rule. With the Shah's approval, Yusef Khan diverted the main river to drive out the hostiles and build the war fortress of Soltan Abad to act as a buffer.

According to early modern historians, Yusef Khan built the city with the aid of effluents. Until 1892, the town remained a military base and fortress. The fortress of Soltan Abad had a thick wall surrounded by 7-meter-deep moats. Eight towers were constructed around the town and the governmental building was established in its northern part.

In 1891, shops, gardens, and government buildings of Soltan Abad were repaired by the order of deputy governor Mirza Hasan (Etemad os-Saltane). Large parts of the city were formerly annexed as personal property to the pre-existing army commanders, and were then ultimately turned over to the state around 1918–1922.

Beginning by the last quarter of the 19th century, the city achieved major developments in carpet industry, and eventually became Iran's most important center of carpet production for export markets, continuing up until at least 1940.[13]

National Garden Square in 1969.

Under the reign of Reza Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty, the city was renamed Arak. Modern factories for vegetable oil, soap, sugar beet, and wool industries were established within the city. Arak also became an important station for the Trans-Iranian Railway, a major railway project directed by Reza Shah which was completed in 1938.

In 1972, two major state-owned enterprises were established in the city, including an aluminum smelter and a heavy engineering plant. The aluminum smelter was built under the Regional Cooperation for Development project of the Central Treaty Organization, in cooperation with the company of Reynolds and Reynolds. The engineering plant was processed with equipment and technical advice from the Soviets, in return of gas sales to the Soviet Union.

The city officially became a metropolis on April 6, 2013, after the merger with Karahrud and Senjan.[14][15]

Arak is surrounded by mountains in the south, west, and east, and its average altitude is about 1750m above sea level. It is located 260 km from the city of Tehran, and is in the vicinity of the cities of Qom and Isfahan.

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  The Gerdoo Valley in winter.
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  Sefidkhani Mountain, located to the west of Arak.
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  Meyqan Lagoon, 15 km northeast of Arak.
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  Sunset in Meyqan Lagoon.

Arak is one of industrial cities of Iran, that in terms of diversity is the 1st, in terms of heavy industries is the 2nd and totally is one of four industrial hubs of Iran. This city because of the heavy industries, manufacturing 80% of Iran energy equipment, the largest Iranian Machinery company (MSA), the largest heavy equipment manufacturer in the Middle East, the largest locomotive and wagon manufacturer in the Middle East, the largest Aluminum company in Iran, the largest crane manufacturer in the Middle East, Iran's largest mineral company and the largest combine manufacturer in the Middle East; nicknamed the Industrial Capital of Iran.[20][21][22]

Arak has chemical, construction, energy, food, machinery, metal, mining, textile, petroleum and petrochemical Industries that some of those are between basic industries of Iran.[20][22]

The following are a number of important industrial factories based in Arak.

• Machine Sazi Arak
• AzarAb Industries
• Wagon Pars (Locomotive and Train manufacturer)
• Iranian Aluminium Company (IRALCO)
• HEPCO (Heavy Equipment Production Company)
• Avangan
• Navard Aluminium
• Iran Combine Manufacturing Company
• Lajvar Industrial Group (Crane manufacturer)
• Arak Petrochemical Company
• Arak Oil Refinery
• Heavy Water Production Plant of Arak

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  HEPCO wheel loaders
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  Locomotive production at Wagon Pars.
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  The Heavy Water Production Plant of Arak.
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  Giant Fractionating column manufactured by Machine Sazi Arak (MSA)

Morteza-Qoli Bayat, a former Prime Minister of Iran.

Statesmen and politicians:

• Sharaf Khan Bidlisi (1543-ca. 1600), Kurdish historian and prince of Bitlis, was born in Karahrūd, Arak.[23]
• Ghaem Magham Farahani (1779–1835), a former Prime Minister of Iran, was born in Farahan District, Arak.
• Amir Kabir (1807–1852), a former Prime Minister of Iran, was born in Hezaveh District, Arak.
• Mohammad Mosaddegh (1882–1967), a former Prime Minister of Iran, was born in Tehran. His father was from Ashtiyan, northeastern Arak.
• Morteza-Qoli Bayat (1890–1958), a former Prime Minister of Iran (1944–1945).
• Ata'ollah Mohajerani (1954–), one of the ministers of the cabinet of Mohammad Khatami.

Literary, painting, and photography figures:

• Sonia Balassanian (born 1942), Iranian-born Armenian painter, curator, sculptor
• Parvin E'tesami (1907–1941), Iranian poet, was born in Tabriz. Her father was from Ashtiyan, northeastern Arak.
• Behjat Sadr (1924–2009), an eminent Iranian painter.
• Jahangir Razmi (1947–), the 1980 Pulitzer Prize winner (photographer).
• Kader Abdolah (1954–), an Iranian-Dutch poet laureate.

Sportsmen:

• Mansour Bahrami (1956–), an Iranian tennis player.
• Mehdi Mahdavikia (1977–), a famous Iranian football player.

Scientists:

• Mohammad Gharib (1909–1975), an Iranian physician, clinician.
• Wahid Shams Kolahi (1965–), an electrical engineer.

Singers:

• Ebrahim Hamedi (Ebi) (1949–), an Iranian singer; his father was from Arak.

Cinema and television artists:

• Yervand Manaryan (1924–2020), an Iranian-Armenian actor.
• Reza Badiyi (1930–2011), director of episodes of many popular American television series, including Hawaii Five-O, Mission: Impossible, The Incredible Hulk, The Six Million Dollar Man, Falcon Crest, Buffy the Vampire Slayer (the episode Out of Mind, Out of Sight), Nikita, etc.
• Pouri Banayi, (1940–), a famous Iranian actress before the 1979 Revolution (1965–1979).
• Golchehreh Sajadiye (1954–), an Iranian actress.
• Manijeh Hekmat (1962–), an Iranian film director.
• Mostafa Azizi (1962–), an Iranian TV producer.
• Mehran Modiri (1967–), an Iranian actor, director and comedian; his father and his mother were from Arak.
• Bahareh Rahnama (1973–), an Iranian actress.
• Sahar Zakaria (1973–), an Iranian actress.
• Pegah Ahangarani (1984–), an Iranian actress.

• List of cities in Iran
• List of cities, towns and villages in Markazi Province

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Arak.

Media related to Arak at Wikimedia Commons