Albula (fish)

Albula; Temporal range: Late Cretaceous to present
	Bonefish (A. vulpes)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Albuliformes
Family:	Albulidae
Subfamily:	Albulinae
Genus:	Albula; Gronow 1763 ex Scopoli 1777 non Osbeck 1765 non Bloch & Schneider 1801 non Catesby 1771
Synonyms
	Atopichthys Garman 1899; Butyrinus Commerson ex Lacépède 1803; Dixonina Fowler 1911; Albula (Dixonina) (Fowler 1911); Esunculus Kaup 1856; Glossodonta Cuvier 1815; Glossodus Agassiz 1828 ex Spix & Agassiz 1829 non Costa 1853 non McCoy 1848; Metalbula Frizzell 1965; Pisodus Owen 1841; Vulpis Catesby 1771; Conorynchus Nozemann 1758 ex Gill 1861 non Bleeker 1863 non Motschousky 1860;

Albula is an ancient genus of fish belonging to the family Albulidae. Members of this genus inhabit warm coastal waters worldwide.[1]

This genus contains many of the species popularly referred to as bonefish, which are vital components of both subsistence fisheries and sport fishing industries worldwide; this, in conjunction with destruction of breeding habitat, has led to population declines in many species.[2]

Taxonomy

Bonefish were once believed to be a single species with a global distribution; however, 11 distinct species have since been identified. There are three identified species in the Atlantic and eight in the Pacific.[3] All species are morphologically indistinguishable from one another and can only be reliably distinguished with genetic evidence, but all of them diverged from one another between 4 and 20 million years ago.[4][5]

The oldest fossils belonging to this genus are from the Late Cretaceous of Alabama and Uzbekistan.[6]

Extant species

The 11 currently recognized living species in this genus are:[7]

Albula argentea (Forster 1801) (silver sharpjaw bonefish)
Albula esuncula (Garman 1899) (Eastern Pacific bonefish)
Albula gilberti Pfeiler, van der Heiden, Ruboyianes & Watts, 2011[8] (Cortez bonefish)
Albula glossodonta (Forsskål, 1775) (Roundjaw/shortjaw bonefish)
Albula goreensis Valenciennes, 1847 (West African bonefish)
Albula koreana Kwun & Kim, 2011[9] (Korean bonefish)
Albula nemoptera (Fowler, 1911) (Threadfin bonefish)
Albula oligolepis Hidaka, Iwatsuki & Randall, 2008[10] (Smallscale bonefish)
Albula pacifica (Beebe, 1942)[11] (Pacific shafted bonefish)
Albula virgata Jordan & Jordan, 1922 (Longjaw bonefish)
Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) (bonefish)

Fossil species

†Albula bartonensis Schedl 1933
†Albula bashiana (Frizzell 1965) [Metalbula bashiana Frizzell 1965]
†Albula campaniana Nolf & Stringer 1996
†Albula dunklei Applegate 1970
†Albula eppsi White & Frost 1931
†Albula oweni (Agassiz 1844) [Pisodus owenii Agassiz 1844; Pisodus owenii Agassiz 1844]

References

"Albula vulpes, Bonefish: fisheries, gamefish, bait". www.fishbase.se. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
Filous, Alexander; Lennox, Robert J.; Coleman, Richard R.; Friedlander, Alan M.; Clua, Eric E. G.; Danylchuk, Andy J. (August 2019). "Life‐history characteristics of an exploited bonefish Albula glossodonta population in a remote South Pacific atoll". Journal of Fish Biology. 95 (2): 562–574. doi:10.1111/jfb.14057. ISSN 0022-1112. PMID 31119738. S2CID 162180207.
Suescun, Alex. "All About Bonefish". saltwatersportsman.com. Salt Water Sportsman. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
Adams, A.; Guindon, K.; Horodysky, A.; MacDonald, T.; McBride, R.; Shenker, J.; Ward, R. (2012). "Albula koreana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T199659A2608983. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T199659A2608983.en. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
Colborn, Jeff; Crabtree, Roy E.; Shaklee, James B.; Pfeiler, Edward; Bowen, Brian W. (2001). "The Evolutionary Enigma of Bonefishes (Albula SPP.): Cryptic Species and Ancient Separations in a Globally Distributed Shorefish". Evolution. 55 (4): 807–820. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[0807:TEEOBA]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 11392398.
"Fossilworks: Albula". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). Species of Albula in FishBase. December 2012 version.
Pfeiler, E., Van Der Heiden, A.M., Ruboyianes, R.S., & Watts, T. (2011). Albula gilberti, a new species of bone fish (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from the eastern Pacific, and a description of adults of the parapatric A. esuncula. Zootaxa 3088: 1-14.
Kwun, H.J. & Kim, J.K. (2011): A new species of bonefish, Albula koreana (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from Korea and Taiwan. Zootaxa, 2903: 57–63.
Hidaka, Iwatsuki & Randall (2008). "A review of the Indo-Pacific bonefishes of the Albula argentea complex, with a description of a new species". Ichthyological Research. 55 (1): 53–64. doi:10.1007/s10228-007-0010-5. S2CID 1129833.
Pfeiler, E., 2008. Resurrection of the name Albula pacifica (Beebe, 1942) for the shafted bonefish (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from the eastern Pacific. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56(2):839-844.

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[1] "Albula vulpes, Bonefish: fisheries, gamefish, bait". www.fishbase.se. Retrieved 2023-01-08.

[2] Filous, Alexander; Lennox, Robert J.; Coleman, Richard R.; Friedlander, Alan M.; Clua, Eric E. G.; Danylchuk, Andy J. (August 2019). "Life‐history characteristics of an exploited bonefish Albula glossodonta population in a remote South Pacific atoll". Journal of Fish Biology. 95 (2): 562–574. doi:10.1111/jfb.14057. ISSN 0022-1112. PMID 31119738. S2CID 162180207.

[Suescun_2014-3] Suescun, Alex. "All About Bonefish". saltwatersportsman.com. Salt Water Sportsman. Retrieved 10 December 2020.

[iucn-4] Adams, A.; Guindon, K.; Horodysky, A.; MacDonald, T.; McBride, R.; Shenker, J.; Ward, R. (2012). "Albula koreana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T199659A2608983. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T199659A2608983.en. Retrieved 21 April 2023.

[5] Colborn, Jeff; Crabtree, Roy E.; Shaklee, James B.; Pfeiler, Edward; Bowen, Brian W. (2001). "The Evolutionary Enigma of Bonefishes (Albula SPP.): Cryptic Species and Ancient Separations in a Globally Distributed Shorefish". Evolution. 55 (4): 807–820. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[0807:TEEOBA]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 11392398.

[6] "Fossilworks: Albula". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.

[7] Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). Species of Albula in FishBase. December 2012 version.

[8] Pfeiler, E., Van Der Heiden, A.M., Ruboyianes, R.S., & Watts, T. (2011). Albula gilberti, a new species of bone fish (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from the eastern Pacific, and a description of adults of the parapatric A. esuncula. Zootaxa 3088: 1-14.

[9] Kwun, H.J. & Kim, J.K. (2011): A new species of bonefish, Albula koreana (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from Korea and Taiwan. Zootaxa, 2903: 57–63.

[10] Hidaka, Iwatsuki & Randall (2008). "A review of the Indo-Pacific bonefishes of the Albula argentea complex, with a description of a new species". Ichthyological Research. 55 (1): 53–64. doi:10.1007/s10228-007-0010-5. S2CID 1129833.

[11] Pfeiler, E., 2008. Resurrection of the name Albula pacifica (Beebe, 1942) for the shafted bonefish (Albuliformes: Albulidae) from the eastern Pacific. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56(2):839-844.