Abba-El II

Abba-El II (reigned middle 16th century BC - Middle chronology) was the king of Halab (formerly Yamhad) who reigned after the withdrawal of the Hittites.[1]

Abba-El II
King of Halab (Yamhad)
ReignMiddle 16th century BC
PredecessorSarra-El
SuccessorIlim-Ilimma I

Reign

Abba-El is known through his Royal Seal used by his descendant Niqmepa, king of Alalakh as a dynastic seal.[1] In the seal he is described as the mighty king, servant of Hadad, beloved of Hadad, devotee of Hadad,[2] which were the titles that the old kings of Yamhad used.[3] While the seal mentions the name of Abba-El II, the king depicted in it could be Abba-El I.[4]

According to prof. Trevor Bryce, Aleppo was restored by Abba-El's father Sarra-Ee;[5] however, other Historians such as Michael C. Astour consider Abba-El II to be the king who restored the kingdom.[6]

Aleppo recovered from the Hittite invasion and expanded its territory to some of its former lands including Alalakh, Niya and Ama'u.[7]

Succession

Abba-El's immediate successor was his probable son Ilim-Ilimma I,[6][8] the father of Idrimi who continued the dynasty of Yamhad in Alalakh after Aleppo fell to the Mitannians in ca. 1525 BC.[5][9]

References

Citations
  1. Eva Von Dassow (2008). State and society in the late Bronze Age: Alalaḫ under the Mittani Empire. p. 18. ISBN 9781934309148.
  2. Dominique Collon (2005). First impressions: cylinder seals in the ancient Near East. p. 119. ISBN 9780714111360.
  3. Ulf Oldenburg. The Conflict Between El and Ba'al in Canaanite Religion. p. 67.
  4. Archi 2015, p. 19.
  5. Trevor Bryce (1999). The Kingdom of the Hittites. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-19-924010-4.
  6. Michael C. Astour. Orientalia: Vol. 38. p. 382.
  7. Trevor Bryce (10 September 2009). The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia. p. 27. ISBN 9781134159079.
  8. Michael C. Astour (1989). Hittite history and absolute chronology of the Bronze Age. p. 19. ISBN 9789186098865.
  9. Thomas Nelson (14 October 2008). The Chronological Study Bible. p. 393. ISBN 9780718020682.

Sources
  • Archi, Alfonso (2015). "A Royal Seal from Ebla (17th cent. B.C.) with Hittite Hieroglyphic Symbols". Orientalia. Gregorian Biblical Press. 84 (1): 18–28. JSTOR 26153279.
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