1554
Year 1554 (MDLIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1554 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1554 MDLIV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2307 |
| Armenian calendar | 1003 ԹՎ ՌԳ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6304 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1475–1476 |
| Bengali calendar | 961 |
| Berber calendar | 2504 |
| English Regnal year | 1 Mar. 1 – 1 Ph. & M. |
| Buddhist calendar | 2098 |
| Burmese calendar | 916 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7062–7063 |
| Chinese calendar | 癸丑年 (Water Ox) 4250 or 4190 — to — 甲寅年 (Wood Tiger) 4251 or 4191 |
| Coptic calendar | 1270–1271 |
| Discordian calendar | 2720 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1546–1547 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5314–5315 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1610–1611 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1475–1476 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4654–4655 |
| Holocene calendar | 11554 |
| Igbo calendar | 554–555 |
| Iranian calendar | 932–933 |
| Islamic calendar | 961–962 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenbun 23 (天文２３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1472–1473 |
| Julian calendar | 1554 MDLIV |
| Korean calendar | 3887 |
| Minguo calendar | 358 before ROC 民前358年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 86 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2096–2097 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴水牛年 (female Water-Ox) 1680 or 1299 or 527 — to — 阳木虎年 (male Wood-Tiger) 1681 or 1300 or 528 |
Events
January–June
- January 5 – A great fire breaks out in Eindhoven, Netherlands.
- January 11 – A Spanish army is defeated by local Mapuche-Huilliches as it tries to cross Bueno River in Southern Chile.[1]
- January 12 – Bayinnaung is crowned king of the Burmese Taungoo Dynasty.
- January 25 – São Paulo, Brazil, is founded.[2]
- February 9 – Thomas Wyatt surrenders to government forces in London.[3]
- February 12 – After claiming the throne of England the previous year, Lady Jane Grey is beheaded for treason.
- March 18 – Princess Elizabeth is imprisoned in the Tower of London.
- April 12 – Mary of Guise becomes Regent of Scotland.
July–December
- July 23–25 – Queen Mary I of England marries King Philip of Naples, the only son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, in Winchester, England.[4]
- August 2 – Battle of Marciano: Senese–French forces are defeated by the Florentine–Imperial army.
- August 12 – Battle of Renty: French forces led by Francis, Duke of Guise turn back an invasion of Picardy, by Charles V.
- November – English captain John Lok voyages to the Guinea Coast.[5][6]
Date unknown
- Mikael Agricola becomes the bishop of Turku.
- Saadi conquers the Kingdom of Fez.
- Exact center year of Counter Reformation.
- The name of the beer brewed by New Belgium Brewing Company is based on a recipe from this date, called "1554."
- Luso-Chinese agreement: Portugal reaches an agreement with the Ming Dynasty of China, to be allowed to legally trade in the province of Guangdong.
- Rao Surjan Singh becomes ruler of Bundi.
Births
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- January 1 – Louis III, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1593)
- January 9 – Pope Gregory XV (d. 1623)[7]
- January 20 – King Sebastian of Portugal (d. 1578)[8]
- February 8 – Marina de Escobar, Spanish nun (d. 1633)
- February 27 – Giovanni Battista Paggi, Italian painter (d. 1627)
- March – Richard Hooker, Anglican theologian (d. 1600)
- March 1 – William Stafford, English courtier and conspirator (d. 1612)
- March 18 – Josias I, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1578-1588) (d. 1588)
- March 22 – Catherine de Parthenay, French noblewoman and mathematician (d. 1631)
- March 26 – Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne, French military leader (d. 1611)
- March 28 – Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich of Russia (d. 1581)
- March 30 – Paul Laurentius, German divine (d. 1624)
- April – Stephen Gosson, English satirist (d. 1624)
- April 15 – Simon VI, Count of Lippe, Count of Lippe-Detmold (1563-1613) (d. 1613)
- May 20 – Paolo Bellasio, Italian composer (d. 1594)
- June 3 – Pietro de' Medici, Italian noble (d. 1604)
- June 5 – Benedetto Giustiniani, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1621)
- June 21 – Joachim of Zollern, Titular Count of Hohenzollern (d. 1587)
- July 5 – Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France (d. 1592)
- October 1 – Leonardus Lessius, Jesuit theologian (d. 1623)
- October 3 – Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, English poet (d. 1628)
- October 10 – Arnold III, Count of Bentheim-Steinfurt-Tecklenburg-Limburg and Lord of Rheda (d. 1606)
- October 20 – Bálint Balassi, Hungarian writer and noble (d. 1594)
- October 28 – Enevold Kruse, Danish noble (d. 1621)
- October 30 – Prospero Farinacci, Italian jurist (d. 1618)
- November 30 – Sir Philip Sidney, English courtier and poet (d. 1586)[9]
- December 17 – Ernest of Bavaria, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1612)
- December 19 – Philip William, Prince of Orange (d. 1618)
- date unknown
- Jacques Bongars, French scholar and diplomat (d. 1612)
- James Lancaster, English navigator (d. 1618)
- Walter Raleigh, English writer, poet, and explorer (d. 1618)
- Francis Throckmorton, English conspirator (d. 1584)
Deaths
- January 2 – João Manuel, Prince of Portugal, Portuguese prince (b. 1537)[10]
- January 11 – Min Bin, king of Arakan (b. 1493)
- January 16
- Christiern Pedersen, Danish humanist (b. c. 1480)
- Ambrosius Moibanus, German theologian (b. 1494)
- February 12
- Lord Guildford Dudley, consort of Lady Jane Grey (executed) (b. 1536)[11]
- Lady Jane Grey, claimant to the throne of England (executed) (b. 1537)[12]
- February 21
- Hieronymus Bock, German botanist (b. 1498)
- Sibylle of Cleves, Electress consort of Saxony (b. 1512)
- February 23 – Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English politician (executed) (b. c.1515)
- March 3 – John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (b. 1503)
- April 11 – Thomas Wyatt the Younger, English rebel (executed) (b. 1521)
- April 23 – Gaspara Stampa, Italian poet (b. 1523)
- May 2 – William Waldegrave, English Member of Parliament (b. 1507)
- June 19
- Sixt Birck, German humanist (b. 1501)
- Philip II, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken, German noble (b. 1509)
- June 28 – Leone Strozzi, French Navy admiral (b. 1515)
- August 25 – Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1473)
- September 22 – Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, Spanish conquistador (b. c. 1510)
- December 22 – Alessandro Bonvicino, Italian painter (b. 1498)
- December – John Taylor, Bishop of Lincoln (b. 1503)
- approx. date – Susannah Hornebolt, English artist (b. 1503)
- date unknown
- Argula von Grumbach, German Protestant reformer (b. 1492)
- Leo Africanus, Andalusian Berber writer (b. 1485)
- Sebastiano Serlio, Italian architect (b. 1475)
- Sir Hugh Willoughby, English Arctic explorer
References
- Barros Arana, Diego. "Capítulo XIV". Historia general de Chile (in Spanish). Vol. Tomo cuarto (Digital edition based on the second edition of 2000 ed.). Alicante: Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. pp. 346–347.
- University of Gauhati (1952). Journal of the University of Gauhati. The University. p. 237.
- Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 150–153. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- Samson, Alexander (2005). "Changing Places: The Marriage and Royal Entry of Philip, Prince of Austria, and Mary Tudor, July-August 1554". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 36 (3): 761–784. doi:10.2307/20477489. JSTOR 20477489.
- Grun, Bernard (1991). The Timetables of History (3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 245. ISBN 0-671-74919-6.
- Kerr, Robert (1824). A general history and collection of voyages and travels. Vol. 7. Edinburgh: Blackwood. p. 229. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
- Walsh, Michael J. (May 10, 2006). Pocket Dictionary of Popes. A&C Black. p. 58. ISBN 9780860124207.
- Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates, Henry Louis (February 2, 2012). Dictionary of African Biography. Vol. 1–6. OUP USA. p. 312-313. ISBN 9780195382075.
- H. R. Woudhuysen (May 23, 1996). Sir Philip Sidney and the Circulation of Manuscripts, 1558-1640. Clarendon Press. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-19-159102-0.
- Arnold, III, J Barto; Weddle, Robert S. (1978). The Nautical Archeology of Padre Island: The Spanish Shipwrecks of 1554. Academic Press. p. 151. ISBN 9780120636501.
- Tower of London (London, England) (1937). Authorised Guide to the Tower of London. p. 19.
- "BBC - History - Historic Figures: Lady Jane Grey (1537 - 1554)". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
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