2016 U.S.–Iran naval incident

A U.S. Navy riverine command boat in the Persian Gulf in 2013.

On January 12, 2016, two United States Navy riverine command boats (RCBs) cruising from Kuwait to Bahrain with a combined crew of nine men and one woman on board strayed into Iranian territorial waters[5] which extend three nautical miles around Farsi Island in the Persian Gulf.[4][6][7] Patrol craft of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Navy[8] seized the craft and detained the crew at a military base on Farsi Island.

According to military sources, the two RCBs were on a routine transit from Kuwait to Bahrain, which serves as the home port for Task Force 56 under the Fifth Fleet. They left Kuwait at 12:23 p.m local time and were scheduled to refuel with the U.S. Coast Guard Island-class patrol cutter USCGC Monomoy at 5 p.m. During the transit one RCB developed an engine problem, and both boats stopped to solve the mechanical issue. During this time they drifted into Iranian waters. At 5:10 p.m. the boats were approached by the two small Iranian center-console craft followed by two more boats. There was a verbal exchange between the Iranian and U.S personnel and the officer commanding the RCBs allowed the Iranian sailors to come aboard and take control. The Iranian forces made the sailors kneel with their hands behind their heads.[9] The RCBs reported their engine failure to Task Force 56, and all communications were terminated after the report. A U.S. search-and-rescue effort was launched leading to "robust bridge-to-bridge communications" with Iranian military vessels, wherein the Iranians informed U.S. Navy cruiser USS Anzio at 5:15 p.m that "the RCBs and their crew were in Iranian custody at Farsi Island and were safe and healthy."[9] By the time a search-and-rescue effort got under way (it included sending a U.S. Navy and U.S Coast Guard vessel inside Iranian territorial waters over concern U.S. sailors could have been lost overboard), the sailors were already ashore.[5]

John Kerry spoke with Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif at least five times by telephone.[10] John Kerry stated that in his other phone calls about the situation he "made it crystal clear" how serious it was and that "it was imperative to get it resolved." The sailors had a brief verbal exchange with the Iranian military[7] and were released unharmed along with all their equipment [10] the next day on January 13 after 15 hours,[4] and they departed the island at 08:43 GMT on their boats. They later were escorted by a U.S Coast Guard patrol cutter, while U.S. Navy overwatched and supported. The Pentagon oversaw the escort on high alert.[7]

The IRGC stated that they released the sailors after their investigation concluded the "illegal entry into Iranian water was not the result of a purposeful act."[11]

At first it was suggested that a mechanical failure in at least one of the boats led them to the Iranian waters,[5] then it was verified that both boats returned to base under their own power. However, American military officials could not explain how they had lost contact with both of the boats.[6]

The commander of Iran's Revolutionary Guards naval forces claimed that the U.S. apologized to Iran for incident.[12] However, the U.S. government has stated that no apology was made.[13][14]

According to the Fars News Agency on January 26, "the American ships were 'snooping' around in Iranian waters," on the basis of the sailors' GPS data collected by the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Navy. On January 29 Fars News Agency stated "it was proved that the US marines had strayed into Iranian waters only due to the failure of their navigation devices and equipment."[15]

U.S. Central Command stated, "A post-recovery inventory of the boats found that all weapons, ammunition and communication gear are accounted for minus two SIM cards that appear to have been removed from two handheld satellite phones."[16] The statement did not account for navigation equipment. A Navy command investigation continues and more details will be provided when it is completed.[17]

Tasnim News Agency reported Islamic Revolutionary Guards Navy Commander Admiral Ali Fadavi said in a February 1 parliamentary session, "We have extracted extensive information from their [American sailors'] laptops and cell phones," and that the information can be made public if a decision is made to that effect.[18]

According to the IRGC, when the Iranian forces seized the two boats, aircraft carriers USS Harry S. Truman and Charles de Gaulle had been patrolling in the international waters southeast and northeast of Farsi Island, respectively, which IRGC Navy commander Ali Fadavi described it as "unprofessional behavior for forty minutes."[19]

According to Brigadier General Farzad Esmaili, commander of Khatam al-Anbia Air Defense Base, after the IRGC Navy reported the capture of the U.S. Navy boats, the Air Defence switched on its missile systems and the Air Force fighter jets also scrambled. Three American F-18 fighters, a radar plane and a maritime patrol aircraft flew over the U.S. aircraft carriers and began to approach Farsi Island, conducted "bullying" behavior, and refused to respond to the signals, but made a contact later when the Iranian missiles zeroed on them and realized that they had "less than 30 seconds to decide before Iran's missiles are fired."[20]

The U.S. Navy disciplined and/or reprimanded nine of the Navy men involved in the incident, ranging from higher commanders to sailors present on the boats.[21][22]

On the same day the American crewmembers were released with their vessels, Iran released a series of images and videos that, among other things, showed the U.S. Navy sailors on their knees with their hands clasped behind their heads as they were being apprehended on their vessels. Two of the videos featured one of the Americans,[23] apparently the Navy lieutenant commanding the boats,[6] apologizing and praising Iran's treatment: "It was a mistake that was our fault, and we apologize for our mistake.... The Iranian behavior was fantastic while we were here and we thank you very much for your hospitality and your assistance." According to Politico, these pictures and footage further "inflam[ed] the American debate over [the sailors'] capture, including the question of whether the U.S. had formally apologized for entering Iranian territory." A Defense Department official said that the lieutenant's filmed apology was probably intended to defuse a potentially volatile situation.[6]

• 2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident
• Iran–United States relations
• 2004 Iranian seizure of Royal Navy personnel
• 2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel
• 2008 U.S.–Iranian naval dispute
• 2011–12 Strait of Hormuz dispute
• Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action