1988 Catalan regional election

The 1988 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 29 May 1988, to elect the 3rd Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

1988 Catalan regional election
29 May 1988
All 135 seats in the Parliament of Catalonia
68 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered4,564,389 1.6%
Turnout2,709,685 (59.4%)
5.0 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Jordi Pujol Raimon Obiols Rafael Ribó
Party CiU PSC–PSOE Initiative for Catalonia
Leader since 17 November 1974 12 July 1983 23 February 1987
Leader's seat Barcelona Barcelona Barcelona
Last election 72 seats, 46.8% 41 seats, 30.1% 6 seats, 9.2%[lower-alpha 1]
Seats won 69 42 9
Seat change 3 1 3
Popular vote 1,232,514 802,828 209,211
Percentage 45.7% 29.8% 7.8%
Swing 1.1 pp 0.3 pp 1.4 pp
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Jorge Fernández Díaz Joan Hortalà Antoni Fernández Teixidó
Party AP ERC CDS
Leader since 1985 1987 1988
Leader's seat Barcelona Barcelona Barcelona
Last election 11 seats, 7.7%[lower-alpha 2] 5 seats, 4.4% Did not contest
Seats won 6 6 3
Seat change 5 1 3
Popular vote 143,241 111,647 103,351
Percentage 5.3% 4.1% 3.8%
Swing 2.4 pp 0.3 pp New party
Constituency results map for the Parliament of Catalonia
President before election

Jordi Pujol
CDC (CiU)

 Elected President

Jordi Pujol
CDC (CiU)

Overview

Electoral system

The Parliament of Catalonia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the regional Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[1]

Transitory Provision Fourth of the Statute established a specific electoral procedure for elections to the Parliament of Catalonia, of application for as long as a specific law regulating the procedures for regional elections was not approved, to be supplemented by the provisions within the Organic Law of General Electoral Regime. Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Catalonia and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Barcelona, Gerona, Lérida and Tarragona, with each being allocated a fixed number of seats.[1][2]

Constituency Seats
Barcelona 85
Gerona 17
Lérida 15
Tarragona 18

The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[3]

Election date

The term of the Parliament of Catalonia expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The regional president was required to call an election fifteen days prior to the date of expiry of parliament, with election day taking place within sixty days after the call. The previous election was held on 29 April 1984, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 29 April 1988. The election was required to be called no later than 14 April 1988, with it taking place on the sixtieth day from the call, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Monday, 13 June 1988.[1]

After legal amendments in 1985, the president was granted the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Catalonia and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since a previous one under this procedure. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called.[4][5]

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[6]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy Parties and
alliances		 Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Gov. Ref.
Votes (%) Seats
CiU
List
 Jordi Pujol Catalan nationalism
Centrism		 46.80% 72 checkY
PSC–PSOE
List
 Raimon Obiols Social democracy 30.11% 41 ☒N
IC
List
 Rafael Ribó Eco-socialism
Green politics		 9.22%[lower-alpha 1] 6 ☒N
AP
List
 Jorge Fernández Díaz Conservatism
National conservatism		 7.70%[lower-alpha 2] 11 ☒N
ERC
List
 Joan Hortalà Catalan nationalism
Left-wing nationalism
Social democracy		 4.41% 5 ☒N
CDS
List
 Antoni Fernández Teixidó Centrism
Liberalism		 New party ☒N

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 68 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Catalonia.

Color key:

  Exit poll

Results

Overall
← Summary of the 29 May 1988 Parliament of Catalonia election results →
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Convergence and Union (CiU) 1,232,51445.72–1.08 69–3
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)1 802,82829.78–0.36 42+1
Initiative for Catalonia (IC)2 209,2117.76–1.46 9+3
People's Alliance (AP)3 143,2415.31–2.39 6–5
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 111,6474.14–0.27 6+1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 103,3513.83New 3+3
Green Alternative–Ecologist Movement of Catalonia (AV–MEC) 16,3460.61New 0±0
The Ecologist Greens (EVE) 8,7300.32New 0±0
The Greens (EV) 8,1050.30New 0±0
Ecologist Party of Catalonia–VERDE (PEC–VERDE) 5,9270.22–0.08 0±0
Andalusian Party of Catalonia (PAC) 5,8150.22New 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 5,7940.21+0.02 0±0
Social Democratic Party of Catalonia (PSDC) 5,1560.19–0.05 0±0
Spanish Juntas (JJEE) 4,5240.17New 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 3,3580.12New 0±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) 2,7270.10+0.01 0±0
Communist Workers' League (LOC) 2,2280.08New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 2,2020.08New 0±0
Humanist Party of Catalonia (PHC) 2,1950.08New 0±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)4 1,1190.04–0.08 0±0
Republican Popular Unity (UPR)5 1,0660.04–0.02 0±0
Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED) 9050.03New 0±0
Blank ballots 16,9460.63+0.13
Total 2,695,935 135±0
Valid votes 2,695,93599.49+0.01
Invalid votes 13,7500.51–0.01
Votes cast / turnout 2,709,68559.37–4.99
Abstentions 1,854,70440.63+4.99
Registered voters 4,564,389
Sources[7][8]
Footnotes:
Popular vote
CiU
 
 45.72%
PSC–PSOE
 
 29.78%
IC
 
 7.76%
AP
 
 5.31%
ERC
 
 4.14%
CDS
 
 3.83%
Others
 
 2.83%
Blank ballots
 
 0.63%
Seats
CiU
 
 51.11%
PSC–PSOE
 
 31.11%
IC
 
 6.67%
AP
 
 4.44%
ERC
 
 4.44%
CDS
 
 2.22%

Distribution by constituency
Constituency CiU PSC IC AP ERC CDS
 % S  % S  % S  % S  % S  % S
Barcelona 43.6 39 31.4 28 8.8 8 5.2 4 3.7 3 3.8 3
Girona 56.3 11 23.6 5 3.9 − 3.7 − 5.5 1 3.2 −
Lleida 53.8 9 23.1 4 3.6 − 6.2 1 5.9 1 4.3 −
Tarragona 47.6 10 27.0 5 5.5 1 7.1 1 5.3 1 4.0 −
Total 45.7 69 29.8 42 7.8 9 5.3 6 4.1 6 3.8 3
Sources[9][10][11][12][8]

Aftermath
Investiture
Jordi Pujol (CDC)
Ballot → 22 June 1988
Required majority → 68 out of 135 checkY
Yes
69 / 135
No
56 / 135
Abstentions
9 / 135
Absentees
1 / 135
Sources[8]

Notes
  1. Results for PSUC (5.58%, 6 seats), PCC (2.39%, 0 seats) and EEC (1.25%, 0 seats) in the 1984 election.
  2. Results for AP–PDP–UL in the 1984 election.
  3. Within IC.
  4. Within UEC.
  5. Within AP–PDP–PL.

References
Opinion poll sources
  1. "Euforia de Obiols al mantener posiciones". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 30 May 1988.
  2. "TV3 atribuyó a CiU el resultado más bajo de todos los sondeos difundidos ayer tarde". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 30 May 1988.
  3. "Sondejos". Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan). Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  4. "Los candidatos, entre el escepticismo y la confianza tras la publicación de las encuestas". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 23 May 1988.
  5. "Los institutos de opinión achacan a la abstención, "que afectó sobre todo a CiU",sus fallos de cálcul". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 5 June 1988.
  6. "Jordi Pujol ampliará su mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 20 May 1988.
  7. "Jordi Pujol consolidará su mayoría absoluta en el Parlamento catalán". El País (in Spanish). 22 May 1988.
  8. "Ficha técnica". El País (in Spanish). 22 May 1988.
  9. "Las encuestas coinciden en la mayoría de CiU y el ascenso del CDS". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 14 May 1988.
  10. "Convergència i Unió revalida la mayoría absoluta mientras se produce un descenso de los socialistas". El País (in Spanish). 8 May 1988.
  11. "Ficha técnica". El País (in Spanish). 8 May 1988.
  12. "El CIS también concede la mayoría absoluta CiU". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 4 May 1988.
  13. "Jordi Pujol mantendrá la mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 26 April 1988.
  14. "Descenso de Pujol y auge del CDS en Cataluña, según una encuesta del CIS". El País (in Spanish). 24 February 1988.
  15. "Convergència i Unió consolida su primacía política en las elecciones catalanas". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 28 December 1985.
Other
  1. "Ley Orgánica 4/1979, de 18 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña". Organic Law No. 4 of 18 December 1979 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  2. "Ley 3/1982, de 23 de marzo, del Parlamento, del Presidente y del Consejo Ejecutivo de la Generalidad". Law No. 3 of 23 March 1982 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  3. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  4. "Ley 3/1982, de 23 de marzo, del Parlamento, del Presidente y del Consejo Ejecutivo de la Generalidad". Law No. 3 of 23 March 1982 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  5. "Ley 8/1985, de 24 de mayo, de modificación de la Ley 3/1982, de 25 de marzo, del Parlamento, del Presidente y del Consejo Ejecutivo de la Generalidad de Cataluña". Law No. 8 of 24 May 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  6. "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  7. "Electoral results. Parliament of Catalonia election 1988". resultats.dadeselectorals.gencat.cat (in Catalan). Government of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  8. "Eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya (1980 - 2021)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  9. "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1988. Barcelona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  10. "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1988. Girona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  11. "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1988. Lleida". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  12. "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1988. Tarragona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
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