1962 Turkish Airlines Taurus Mountains crash

The aircraft involved in the accident was a Fairchild F-27 registered as TC-KOP with serial number 83.[1] The aircraft had made its first flight in 1960 and had a valid airworthiness certificate.[2][3]

The captain and pilot in command of the flight was Nejat Aksan, while the co-pilot was Zülfikar Kaya. Emel Kiper was the sole cabin crew member on board.[4] According to the final report, the crew was "properly licensed."[3]

The aircraft took off from Istanbul Yeşilköy Airport (ISL/LTBA) with the same crew and landed at Ankara Esenboğa Airport (ESB/LTAC). The flight took off from Ankara at 16:28 local time without taking any new passengers and headed to Adana Airport (ADA/LTAF) as a scheduled domestic flight.[5] The estimated arrival time was 17:40. At 17:28, the pilots reported that they were at flight level 175 (17,500 feet (5,300 m)) and requested clearance to approach.[3] They also told that they were flying around cumulus clouds and changing their altitude accordingly to avoid turbulence.[6] The controller at the Incirlik Air Base cleared the aircraft to descend to 5,000 feet (1,500 m) and told the pilots to notify the tower when passing through 8,000 feet (2,400 m) and 7,000 feet (2,100 m). No further communication was received from the aircraft.[3]

The aircraft crashed at 15:43 local time at 6,800 feet (2,100 m) AMSL into Mount Medetsiz, 47 nautical miles (87 km) from the Adana radio range.[2][3] The aircraft split into three main pieces upon impact.[7]

There were three crew members and eight passengers on board the airplane. Two of the passengers were from the United States. The wreckage of the aircraft was at the bottom of an abyss. The recovery team initially had difficulties with reaching the accident site due to strong winds and snow.[4] Local villagers first reached the crash site on 10 March.[5]

After spending the night in a nearby village, a team of Turkish, American and British experts, with the help of local villagers, started to walk the last 5 miles (8.0 km) left to reach the wreckage at 5am on 11 March. They reached the aircraft six hours later. The bodies were torn in pieces and had burns, making identification impossible.[8] Six bodies were taken out of the plane on 12 March,[9] followed by three more on the next day.[10]

The two-page long final report was translated to English and released by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 1966. The report was only based on the initial findings made by the investigators, without discussion of evidence or analysis of the wreckage.[6] The probable cause of the accident according to this report was:

"In avoiding cumulus cloud[s] and associated turbulent conditions, the pilot was not able to keep track of his exact position or to maintain exact altitude."[6]

This explanation was re-affirmed in 1975, when Gündüz Sevilgen, a member of the 15th Parliament of Turkey from the National Salvation Party, wrote several questions to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey related to Turkish Airlines, including the causes of accidents.[14] He received a response from the Minister of Transport, Sabahattin Özbek, on 18 March. The response included a short list of causes of all Turkish Airlines crashes to date.[15] The cause for the Tarsus crash in the response was:

"Hit the Tarsus mountains due to bad weather, the plane heading to Adana crashed while trying to fly around the clouds and adjusting the altitude to the clouds."[15]

• Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network