1935 Jérémie hurricane

Parts of eastern Jamaica began to experience strong northeasterly winds early on October 20, and the parishes of Saint Thomas, Portland, and Saint Mary ultimately bore the brunt of the storm.[3] Heavy rainfall swelled rivers and triggered landslides;[5] the ensuing floods destroyed bridges, inundated many homes, and necessitated the rescue of trapped individuals.[6] With telegraph communications cut to the hardest-hit areas and roads left impassable, the degree of destruction was initially uncertain, though it was described as "extensive".[7][8] The storm took a heavy toll on agriculture (already compromised from the effects of another hurricane less than a month earlier), with banana plantations in particular sustaining heavy damage.[3][7] Losses to fruit crops in the nation totaled an estimated $2,500,000.[9]

The storm reportedly killed three people on the island.[9] An unidentified schooner capsized off Port Antonio with all hands lost,[1] in spite of efforts to rescue the imperiled crew.[8] One modern source recounts that the crew numbered 31,[10] but this figure was not widely reported. The USS Houston, underway with President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt, averted its course after encountering adverse conditions.[6]

In advance of the hurricane's landfall in Cuba, businesses were closed. Railways worked to secure non-essential trains, and residents of vulnerable coastal towns, including Caimanera, fled their homes in search of safer ground.[11][12] The hurricane subjected eastern parts of the island to intense gales, measured at over 70 mph (110 km/h) at Santiago de Cuba before the anemometer failed.[1] The northern coast of the island around Nipe Bay also endured strong winds as high as 58 mph (93 km/h).[3] Winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) were recorded at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, though the effects there were generally light. Closer to the hurricane's center, in Santiago de Cuba, about 100 homes sustained complete structural failures.[11][13] The prolonged nature of the storm hampered search and rescue efforts amid the rubble.[14] Winds strew debris around the city,[11] blocking its streets.[6] A hospital and a power plant both suffered roof failure.[14] Electricity in Santiago de Cuba was preemptively turned off as conditions worsened,[12] contributing to regional power outages.[11]

Map of the storm on October 22, while centered between Jamaica and Cuba

Significant flooding occurred after the Cauto River overflowed it banks,[14] making driving impossible.[13] The storm severed communications between towns in eastern Cuba after bringing down telephone and telegraph wires.[14] Apart from seven structures ruined in the Guantánamo area,[13] there was less destruction in many locations than initially feared.[9] There were reports of three fatalities in Caimanera, and one person died in Santiago de Cuba.[9] At least 29 individuals were treated for storm-related injuries.[11][13] Damage assessments in the immediate aftermath of the storm placed monetary damages in Cuba at $500,000.[13] In the aftermath, a public curfew was issued for Santiago de Cuba, forcing residents to remain indoors after 8 pm. To prevent looting, troops patrolled streets and vulnerable locations, such as banks.[11] Supplies of bread and milk ran short following the hurricane.[14]

The greatest disaster occurred in southern Haiti, where as many as 2,000 people died,[1] possibly more.[15] The towns of Jacmel and Jérémie—both on the Tiburon Peninsula—were devastated by catastrophic freshwater flooding after days of torrential rains. The entire peninsula, already remote in its own right, was isolated for a time, ensuring only scant detail of the disaster reached the outside world.[16] Information was initially relayed to the capital city of Port-au-Prince by a single aircraft.[17][18]

The hurricane crippled infrastructure, blocking roads throughout the area and destroying a hydroelectricity plant in Jacmel. The town was left without power and drinking water.[16] In Jérémie, the flooding was so severe as to sweep away a large metal bridge. Hundreds of poorly constructed native houses were destroyed on the Tiburon Peninsula, leaving thousands of survivors without homes.[19] Property damage in Haiti amounted to over $1 million.[17] Meanwhile, thousands of livestock were killed and crops were completely destroyed, prompting fears of impending famine.[16][17]

Several days after the storm, the bodies of drowning victims had been recovered by the hundreds,[20] and it was suspected many of the deceased had been washed into the sea.[18] One preliminary estimate placed the number of dead in the Jérémie area alone at 1,500,[20] suggesting the worst of the tragedy occurred there. Indeed, some modern sources have unofficially referred to the storm as Hurricane Jérémie.[10] The Haitian government worked to bring emergency supplies and relief workers, at least partially by way of ship, to the flood-stricken region. As little was known about the extent of losses, officials rushed to restore communications with the disaster area.[17]

After clearing the Greater Antilles, the hurricane ravaged parts of Honduras. Banana plantations suffered extensively,[1] causing the United Fruit Company about $6 million in losses. As in Haiti, the hardest hit areas of Honduras were cut off from the nation's capital of Tegucigalpa.[21] Severe river flooding wrought widespread destruction, especially around La Ceiba and throughout the Cortés Department.[22] Many towns were inundated by up to 7 ft (2.1 m) of water.[23] According to one source, the Ulúa River "officially" rose some 50 ft (15 m) from its normal height near Chamelecón,[24] where the flood left 800 families homeless.[23] Many hundreds of individuals were stranded by raging flood waters in the Cortés region, clutching to trees and rooftops as they awaited uncertain rescue.[25] Even after rescue boats brought many residents of Chamelecón to safety, a third of the population remain trapped.[23]

The rampant Cangrejal River reportedly obliterated an entire suburban community further east, near La Ceiba,[26] while the Aguán River burst its banks at Trujillo and killed numerous plantation workers. By October 29, the bodies of 70 flood victims had been recovered at Corocito in Colón.[27] Torrential rains extended into Tegucigalpa, causing urban flooding.[22] Just to the northeast, in San Juancito, a large landslide took the lives of at least three people.[24] Overall, the hurricane inflicted about $12 million in damage across Honduras (including the agricultural impacts),[21] resulted in about 150 deaths,[1] and destroyed the homes of thousands of residents.[23] The floods were considered to be among the worst in the country's history.[21][28] Almost immediately after the passage of the storm, a wide area of Honduras experienced strong earthquake activity.[29]

Damaging, but less expansive, floods also occurred in parts of extreme northeastern Nicaragua around the Mosquito Coast.[1] The Coco River, which constitutes a large portion of the Honduras–Nicaragua border, swelled 40 ft (12 m) as observed about 140 mi (230 km) upstream of its mouth.[23] Banana farms were heavily damaged around Cabo Gracias a Dios, occupied by both nations, and according to early reports in that area, all but a handful of dwellings were destroyed. In spite of the flooding and hurricane-force winds, timely warnings prevented fatalities locally.[30][31]