1030s

The 1030s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1030, and ended on December 31, 1039.

Millennium
2nd millennium
Centuries
Decades
Years
Categories
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • By country
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments

Events

1030

By place
Byzantine Empire
  • Emperor Romanos III Argyros decides to retaliate upon the incursions of the Muslims on the eastern frontier. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (20,000 men) to secure Antioch. The Mirdasid emir Shibl al-Dawla Nasr of Aleppo sues for peace, but Romanos refuses to negotiate and leads his army against Aleppo, against the advice of his generals. The Byzantine army encamps near Azaz, where they are encircled by the Mirdasids' Bedouin troops, who cut off the Byzantines from food and water.
  • 10 August – Romanos orders a retreat to Antioch. As the army is exhausted from the heat and the lack of supplies, the retreat soon turns into a flight in panic. Romanos returns to Constantinople in humiliation but his generals on the eastern frontier manage to salvage the situation: a Fatimid attack on Maraclea is repulsed, and Azaz itself is captured in December after a brief siege. In April/May 1031, Emir Nasr of Aleppo agreed to vassal and tributary status with Byzantium.[1]
Europe
  • June – Emperor Conrad II (the Elder) leads an invasion into Hungary. He plunders the lands west of the River Rába, but suffers from consequences of the scorched earth tactics used by the Hungarians. Conrad, threatened by starvation, is forced to retreat back to Germany. King Stephen I pursues his forces, which are defeated and captured by the Hungarians at Vienna.
  • July 29 – Battle of Stiklestad: King Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf) attempts to reconquer Norway with help from King Anund Jakob of Sweden. He is defeated by a superior Norwegian peasant and Danish army (14,000 men). Olaf is killed in the battle, he is later canonized and becomes the patron saint of Norway and Rex perpetuum Norvegiae ('the eternal king of Norway').
  • The first mention is made of Tartu, Estonia, as Grand Prince Yaroslav I (the Wise) of Novgorod and Kiev defeats the Estonians, and founds a fort named Yuryev (modern-day Tartu).[2] The Rus' will hold the fortress for the next 30 or 31 years.
  • The first mention is made of Thalwil, Switzerland, which is derived from Tellewilare, and indicates the early medieval origins of Thalwil as an Alemannic farmstead.
  • Henry I revolts against his father King Robert II (the Pious) in a civil war over power and property. Robert's army is defeated, and he retreats to Beaugency.
Asia

1031

By place
Europe
  • July 20 – King Robert II (the Pious) dies at Melun, after a 35-year reign. He is succeeded by his 23-year-old son, Henry I, who becomes the sole ruler of France. Henry's mother, Queen dowager Constance of Arles, prefers her third son, Robert, as heir to the throne and, with the help of Count Odo II, begins a war against Henry.[3]
  • The Caliphate of Córdoba collapses after years of infighting; the caliphate fractures into a number of independent Muslim taifa (kingdoms). The last Umayyad ruler, Caliph Hisham III, tries to consolidate the caliphate, but his raising of taxes (to pay for mosques) leads to heavy opposition and he is imprisoned by his rivals.[4]
  • King Mieszko II is forced to escape Poland after an attack of Grand Prince Yaroslav I (the Wise) of Kiev, who installs Mieszko's half-brother Bezprym onto the Polish throne.
  • France suffers from a famine (until 1033).[5]
Middle East

1032

By place
Byzantine Empire
Europe

By topic
Religion

1033

By place
Asia
  • December 5 – A major earthquake in the Jordan Valley devastates multiple cities across the Palestine region, killing many people and triggering a tsunami.[9]
Europe

By topic
Religion
  • Panic spreads throughout Europe that the end of the universe may be near,[11][12][13] on the supposed 1,000th anniversary of the crucifixion of Christ, due to some unusually harsh spring weather. The Book of Revelation (Chapter 20) predicts the end of the earth after a 1,000 year period after the second return of Jesus Christ.[14][15][16]

1034

By place
Byzantine Empire
Europe
Africa

1035

By place
Europe
England

1036

By place
Europe
England
Africa
China
Japan

By topic
Religion

1037

By place
Europe
England
Asia

1038

By place
Europe
Asia

1039

By place
Europe
  • June 4 – Emperor Conrad II (the Elder) dies of gout in Utrecht after a 12-year reign. He is succeeded by his 21-year-old son, Henry III (the Black), who also becomes king of Italy and Burgundy.
  • Duke Casimir I (the Restorer) returns to Poland, and makes great efforts to rebuild the war-ruined country. He establishes his residence at Kraków (which becomes Poland's capital until 1596).[28]

By topic
Religion

Significant people

Births

1030

1031

1032

1033

1034

1035

1036

1037

1038

1039

Deaths

1030

1031

1032

1033

1034

1035

1036

1037

1038

1039

References
  1. Halm, Heinz (2003). Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fatimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074 [The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. pp. 341–343. ISBN 3-406-48654-1.
  2. Tvauri, Andres (2012). The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia. pp. 33, 59, 60. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  3. Jonathan Riley-Smith (2006). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 4, c. 1024–c. 1198, p. 124. ISBN 978-0-521-41411-1.
  4. Chejne, Anwar G. (1974). Muslim Spain: Its History and Culture, pp. 43–49. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0816606889.
  5. Moriceau, Jean-Marc (2011) L'Homme contre le loup. Une guerre de deux mille ans, Paris, Fayard.
  6. "Rudolf III | king of Burgundy | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  7. C.W. Previté-Orton, The Early History of the House of Savoy, (Cambridge University Press, 1912), p. 30.
  8. Kelly, J.N.D., and Walsh, Michael. "John XIX." in A Dictionary of Popes, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2015. eISBN 9780191795459
  9. Kallner-Amiran, D. H. (1950). "A Revised Earthquake-Catalogue of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. Israel Exploration Society. 1 (4): 223–246. JSTOR 27924451. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
  10. C.W. Previté-Orton, Early History of the House of Savoy, (Cambridge University Press, 1912), p. 32.
  11. "The Apocalyptic Dossier: 967-1033". Boston University. Boston University Center for Millennial Studies. Archived from the original on August 17, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
  12. Landes, Richard. "Introduction to Apocalypticism and Millennialism". Catholic Resources for Bible, Liturgy, Art, and Theology. Archived from the original on July 2, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
  13. "A Brief History of the Apocalypse". www.abhota.info. Retrieved 2017-05-07.
  14. Revelation Chapter 20
  15. Boyett, Jason (2005). Pocket Guide to the Apocalypse: The Official Field Manual for the End of the World. Relevant Media Group. pp. 31–32. ISBN 978-0-9760357-1-8.
  16. Strandberg, Todd; James, Terry (2003). Are You Rapture Ready?. New York City: Dutton. pp. 35–36. ISBN 978-0-525-94737-0.
  17. Norwich, John (1991). Byzantium: the Apogee, pp. 279–80. London: Penguin. ISBN 0-670-80252-2.
  18. Richard Brzezinski (1998). History of Poland: Old Poland, the Piast Dynasty, p. 18. ISBN 83-7212-019-6.
  19. Black's Picturesque Tourist of Scotland, Adam and Charles Black. Published 1861, Scotland.
  20. Meynier, Gilbert (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique: De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte. p. 50.
  21. The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni, Ed. & Trans. Elizabeth M.C. van Houts, Vol. I (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992), pp. 80-85.
  22. Benvenuti, Gino (1985). Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia. Rome: Newton & Compton Editori. p. 42. ISBN 88-8289-529-7.
  23. Meynier, Gilbert (2010). L'Algérie, cœur du Maghreb classique: De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte. p. 50.
  24. History of Song (1346).
  25. Parker, Philip (2010). World History. Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 430. ISBN 9781405352574.
  26. Panton, James (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. p. 16. ISBN 9780810874978.
  27. Stalls, Clay (1995). Possessing the land: Aragon's expansion into Islam's Ebro frontier under Alfonso the Battler, 1104-1134. Brill. p. viii. ISBN 90-04-10367-8.
  28. Richard Brzezinski (1995). History of Poland: Old Poland – The Piast Dynasty, p. 18. ISBN 83-7212-019-6.
  29. Constable, Giles (2008). Three Treatises From Bec on the Nature of Monastic Life. University of Toronto Press. p. 28. ISBN 9781442691629.
  30. "Conrad II - Holy Roman emperor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  31. McGrath, Alister E. (2013). Christian History: An Introduction. John Wiley & Sons. p. 104. ISBN 9781118337790.
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