< Wildlife Gardening < Location < West Virginia

Family Hesperiidae (skippers)

Family Lycaenidae (gossamer-winged butterflies)

Family Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies)

Family Papilionidae (swallowtails)

Family Pieridae

Family Riodinidae




















Family Hesperiidae (skippers)

Achalarus

Achalarus lyciades (hoary edge)

  • Desmodium- preferred
  • Baptisia tinctoria- possible
  • Lespedeza- possible


Nectar et al:


Trifolium pratense Trifolium repens Apocynum Asclepias syriaca All pref^

Lonicera japonica


[1]


Amblyscirtes

Amblyscirtes hegon (pepper and salt skipper)

Glyceria striata Poa pratensis Sorghastrum nutans Uniola latifolia


Nectar et al:

Viburnum Rubus Erigeron soil dung


[1]


Amblyscirtes vialis (common roadside-skipper)

Poa Uniola latifolia Agrostis Cynodon dactylon



Nectar et al:

low flowers

Viola pedata Phlox Potentilla Verbena hastata Prunella vulgaris Draba Blephilia


[1]



Anatrytone

Anatrytone logan (Delaware skipper)

Andropogon Panicum virgatum Possibly other grasses



Nectar et al:


prefs white or pink flowrs Asclepias Cephalanthus occidentalis Mentha Cirsium


[1]


Ancyloxypha

Ancyloxypha numitor (least skipper)

Leersia oryzoides Poa


Nectar et al:

low plants w small flowers Oxalis Cichorium Trifolium Apocynum Cephalanthus


[1]


Atalopedes

Atalopedes campestris (sachem)

Digitaria- pref Eleusine indica- pref

Cynodon dactylon


Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Trifolium Mentha Cirsium Vernonia Eupatorium Aster Tagetes-pref


[1]


Atrytonopsis

Atrytonopsis hianna (dusted skipper)

Andropogon scoparius-pref Andropogon gerardii


Nectar et al:

Trif red and white Fragaria Rubus Phlox


[1]


Autochton

Autochton cellus (golden-banded skipper)

  • Amphicarpa bactreata


Nectar et al:

Apocynum Rubus Hydrangea arborescens


[1]


Epargyreus

Epargyreus clarus (silver-spotted skipper)

  • Robinia pseudoacacia- young shoots, preferred host
  • Gleditsia triacanthos
  • Desmodium
  • Apios americana
  • Lespedeza
  • Pueraria lobata


Nectar et al:

prefs pink red or purp flowrs and white to lessr degre prefs: Vernonia Eupatorium Trifolium Apocynum


[1]


Erynnis

E baptisiae

Baptisia tinctoria preferred Coronilla varia B australis Lupinus


Nectar et al:

Apocynum Rubus Trif red white


[1]



Erynnis brizo (sleepy duskywing)

Quercus ilicifolia- preferred other Q species less preferred Castanea dentata


Nectar et al:

soil Vaccinium Rhododendron Cercis canadensis Rubus Taraxacum


[1]


Erynnis horatius (Horace's duskywing)

Quecus rubra- preferred Q ilicifolia- preferred Q stellata- preferred other white oaks



Nectar et al:

prefs white yellow flowers Apocynum Mentha Cephalanthus occidentalis Solidago



[1]


Erynnis icelus (dreamy duskywing)

Salix Populus possibly Robinia



Nectar et al:


Cercis canadensis Vaccinium Fragaria Claytonia Vicia Viola pedata Rubus Brassica Apocynum Daucus carota Rudbeckia hirta


Erynnis juvenalis (Juvenal's duskywing)

Quercus alba preferred other Q species both white and red


Nectar et al:

Vicia Viola pedata Potentilla Claytonia Prunus Cercis canadensis Elaeagnus umbellata Crataegus Rubus Vaccinium ^pref


[1]


Erynnis lucilius (columbine duskywing)

Aquilegia canadensis Aquilegia vulgaris



Nectar et al:

prefs pink white yellow flowers

Phlox Viola Arenaria Draba Blephilia Hieracium



[1]



Erynnis martialis (mottled duskywing)

Ceanothus americanus other C species


Nectar et al:

Houstonia Lithospermum Apocynum Ceanothus americanus soil and dung and carrion


[1]


Erynnis persius (persius duskywing)

Willow Aspen Lupinus Baptisia tinctoria



Nectar et al:

low early spring flowers


[1]


Euphyes

Euphyes bimacula (two-spotted skipper)

Carex spp Carex stricta


Nectar et al:

Asclepias incarnata Vernonia Spiraea Lyonia lygustrina


[1]


Euphyes conspicua (black dash)

Carex spp

Carex stricta- pref


Nectar et al:

large wetland flowering plants Asclepias incarnata Cirsium Vernonia Eupatorium


[1]


Euphyes vestris (dun skipper)

Carex Carex stricta Cyperus spp



Nectar et al:


pref white pink or purple flowers all pref: Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Prunella vulgaris Mentha Echium vulgare


[1]


Hesperia

Hesperia leonardus (Leonard's skipper)

Panicum- preferred Danthonia spicata- pref Agrostis- pref

Andropogon Poa



Nectar et al:

Liatris pref purple or pink flowers Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref Aster-pref Cirsium-pref Dipsacus-pref


[1]


Hesperia metea (cobweb skipper)

Andropogon scoparius- pref Andropogon gerardii

other A species


Nectar et al:

Viola pedata Claytonia Fragaria Trifolium


[1]




Hesperia sassacus (Indian skipper)

Panicum- preferred Andropogon scoparius- pref Festuca rubra- pref Poa Danthonia spicata




Nectar et al:

Lamium Hieracium orange and yellow Lithospermum Phlox Echium vulgare Rubus


[1]


Hylephila

Hylephila phyleus (fiery skipper)

Digitaria-preferred Agrostis- preferred

Cynodon dactylon


Nectar et al:

Cirsium Asclepias Vernonia Eupatorium Centaurea Aster Tagetes


[1]



Lerema

Lerema accius (clouded skipper)

Erianthus alopecuroides Echinochloa- possible


Nectar et al:

Cephalanthus occidentalis Prunella vulgaris Verbena Trifolium Tagetes Buddleja Liatris


[1]



Nastra

Nastra lherminier (swarthy skipper)

Andropogon scoparius Poa other grasses


Nectar et al:

low growing flowers pref fav colors white pink or blue Mentha Vicia Trif red white Desmodium Ceanothus americanus


[1]



Panoquina

Panoquina ocola (ocola skipper)

Saccharum spp- pref Poaceae Leersia oryzoides


Nectar et al:

Cephalanthus occidentalis-pref Asclepias-pref Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref


[1]



Pholisora

Pholisora catullus (common sootywing)

Chenopodium album- preferred Amaranthus- occasion Celosia- occasion


Nectar et al:


Trifolium Apocynum Oxalis Mentha Asclepias Cucurbita


[1]


Poanes

Poanes hobomok (Hobomok skipper)

Panicum preferred Panicum microcarpon- pref Panicum clandestinum- normal Poa Andropogon scoparium Danthonia spicata Leersia oryzoides



Nectar et al:

Rubus Ligustrum Asclepias Echium vulgare Lamium


[1]



P zabulon

Triodia flava- pref Eragrostis- pref Panicum microcarpon Leersia virginica Poa


Nectar et al:

Lonicera japonica Ligustrum Rubus Cephalanthus occidentalis Vicia Vernonia Viola Asclepias Trifolium Eupatorium


[1]


Polites

Polites mystic (long dash skipper)

Poa


Nectar et al:

Asclepias Desmodium Kalmia latifolia Hieracium Apocynum Trifolium pratense


[1]


Polites origenes (crossline skipper)

Glyceria medicaria Poa Andropogon scoparius Triodia flava Carex scabrata other c species


Nectar et al:

Apocynum Vicia Trifolium Ironweed Asclepias Echium vulgare


[1]


Polites peckius (Peck's skipper)

Leersia oryzoides Poa rice cutgrass


Nectar et al:

red clover- pref Apocynum Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Vernonia Vicia Ceanothus americanus Prunella vulgaris Echium vulgare Verbena hastata


[1]


Polites themistocles (tawny-edged skipper)

Panicum- preferred esp small species Panicum microcarpon chck size Poa Glyceria Carex scabrata other c species



Nectar et al:

Apocynum Trifolium Cirsium Asclepias Echium vulgare Cichorium intybus


[1]


Polites vibex (whirlabout)

Paspalum setaceum- pref Paspalum spp possible Panic grasses poss


Nectar et al:


Erigeron Apocynum Echium vulgare


[1]


Pompeius

Pompeius verna (little glassywing)

Triodia flava- pref



Nectar et al:

white pink purple flowers preffed Asclepias Apocynum Mentha Vernonia Echium vulgare ^ all pref


[1]


Pyrgus

Pyrgus centaureae (grizzled skipper)

Potentilla canadensis- preferred Fragaria- preferred other Cinquefoils


Nectar et al:


low flowers Potentilla canadensis Fragaria spp Claytonia Viola pedata Phlox subulata


[1]



Pyrgus communis (common checkered-skipper)

Malva Abutilon theophrasti Althaea Sida


Nectar et al:


small white flowers

Erigeron-pref Aster-pref Trifolium Desmodium Centaurea


[1]


Staphylus

Staphylus hayhurstii (Hayhurst's Scallopwing)

Chenopodium album


Nectar et al:


Trifolium Apocynum Mentha Polygonum Tagetes


[1]


Thorybes

Thorybes bathyllus (southern cloudywing)

Desmodium Lespedeza Strophostyles helvola Phaseolus polystachios Apios americana Clitoria mariana Amphicarpa bactreata Astragalus canadensis


Nectar et al:

Apocynum Asclepias syriaca Trifolium pratense Coronilla varia Echium vulgare Eupatorium Vernonia


Thorybes confusis (confused cloudywing)

Possibly Lespedeza and Desmodium


Nectar et al:

Apocynum Trifolium pratense Asclepias Vicia Lonicera Cirsium


[1]


Thorybes pylades (northern cloudywing)

Desmodium- preferred Lespedeza- preferred Trifolium Medicago Vicia


Nectar et al:

Trifolium pratense Apocynum Asclepias Vicia Lonicera japonica Cirsium


[1]


Thymelicus

Thymelicus lineola (European skipper)

Dactylis glomerata Holcus lanatus Phleum pratense other grasses


Nectar et al:

Trifolium pratense-pref Erigeron Chrys leuc Hieracium Asclepias Cirsium Apocynum Trifolium repens


[1]


Urbanus

Urbanus proteus (long-tailed skipper)

  • Desmodium
  • Amphicarpa bactreata
  • Phaseolus
  • Clitoria mariana
  • Wisteria


Nectar et al:

composites


[1]


Wallengrenia

Wallengrenia egeremet (northern broken dash)

Panicum pref Panicum clandestinum- preferred Panicum virgatum- preferred


Nectar et al:

prefs purple pink white flowers

Trifolium red white Centaurea Ceanothus americanus


[1]

Family Lycaenidae (gossamer-winged butterflies)

Atlides

Atlides halesus (great purple hairstreak)

Phoradendron flavescens male flowers and leaves


Nectar et al:

Solidago Clethra acuminata Aralia spinosa


[1]


Callophrys

Callophrys augustinus (brown elfin)

Heaths Vaccinium spp Gaulussacia brachycera


Nectar et al:

Cercis canadensis Vaccinium Elaeagnus umbellata Gaylussacia Phlox Barbarea vulgaris


[1]


Callophrys irus (frosted elfin)

Lupinus perennis-pref Baptisia tinctoria-pref esp in WV


Nectar et al:

Lupinus Rubus


[1]


Callophrys gryneus (juniper hairstreak)

Juniperus virginiana

Nectar et al

spring

Claytonia Phlox Viola pedata Lepidium campestre Barbarea vulgaris Cercis canadensis

summer Asclepias Apocynum Melilotus alba


[1]


Callophrys henrici (Henry's elfin)

variable by location

Cercis canadensis-pref in WV Ilex opaca Vaccinium spp Gaylussacia spp

Nectar et al:

Cercis canadensis Erigeron puddle


[1]


Callophrys niphon (eastern pine elfin)

Pinus virginiana-pref esp young trees P rigida P echinata P sylvestris


Nectar et al:


Phlox Taraxacum Potentilla canadensis Comandra umbellata Vaccinium Rubus Cercis canadensis


[1]



Callophrys polios (hoary elfin)

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi-pref Epigaea repens


Nectar et al:

Vaccinium Salix


[1]


Calycopis

Calycopis cecrops (red-banded hairstreak)

Rhus typhina R copallina leaf detritus-pref Lactuca sativa var crispa- pref

Nectar et al

Rhus Apocynum Prunus serotina Rubus Asclepias Ellaeagnus umbellata Ceanothus americanus Achillea



[1]


Celastrina

Celastrina ladon (spring azure)

Type I and lucia auctorum

cornus florida flowers black cherry fruit

Violacea type II black cherry leaf galls from eriophyid mites

Neglecta uses flower buds of ceanothus americana cimicifuga racemosa Rhus glabra Spiraea spp Actinomeris alternifolia


Females will lay eggs on the buds of the following, but the caterpillars won't survive

Hydrangea arborescens Sambucus spp Viburnum spp


Nectar et al:

Malus Prunus Prunus serotina Amelanchier Cercis canadensis Viburnum Lindera benzoin Rubus


Late spring and summer: Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Ligustrum Asclepias Melilotus officinalis M alba


Males puddle and scavenge carrion


[1]



Celastrina neglectamajor (Appalachian azure)

Cimicfuga racemosa


Nectar et al:

Rubus pref Viburnum

Males puddle



[1]



Celastrina nigra (dusky azure)

Aruncus dioicus


Nectar et al:

females drink more nectar males drink from soil Cercis canadensis Geranium Dentaria Claytonia


[1]


Cupido

Cupido comyntas (eastern tailed blue)

Fabaceae Lespedeza spp-pref Trifolium pratense-pref T arvense medicago sativa Vicia spp Desmodium spp Melilotus officinalis



Nectar et al:


plants w short corollas Potentilla Barbarea vulgaris Melilotus alba Trifolium red a white Apocynum Mentha Aster


[1]


Erora

Erora laeta (early hairstreak)

fagus grandifolia fruits corylus spp fruits Betula spp catkins Salix spp


Nectar et al:

Claytonia Erigeron Achillea Chrys leuc Daucus carota Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Asclepias tuberosa

females drink at puddles


[1]



Benefactor taxa for monarchs
Taxon Behavior Food Reproduction Shelter Water Notes
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Feniseca

Feniseca tarquinius (harvester)

Aphids: Prociphilus Melirhizophagus Neoprociphilus Schizoneura Pemphigus

Aphid host plants: Alnus spp Hamamelis virginiana Fagus spp Fraxinus spp Crataegus spp Acer saccharinum Smilax spp


Nectar et al:

aphid honeydew moist soil animal dung


[1]



Glaucopsyche

Glaucopsyche lygdamus (silvery blue)

Vicia caroliniana-pref Lathyrus venosus other vetches


Nectar et al:


Cercis canadensis Vicia caroliniana Claytonia Potentilla composites


[1]


Lycaena

Lycaena epixanthe (bog copper)

Vaccinium oxycoccos V macrocarpon


Nectar et al:

cranberry flowers



[1]



Lycaena hyllus (bronze copper)

Rumex verticillatus-pref R cripus-pref Polygonum spp


Nectar et al

males don't drink as much nectar as females

Trifolium Rubus Chrys leuc Eupatorium Apocynum Polygonum Aster


[1]


Lycaena phlaeas (American copper)

Rumex acetosella- pref R crispus- non


Nectar et al:


Ranunculus Potentilla canadensis Chrys leuc Trifolium Achillea Asclepias Aster


[1]


Parrhasius

Parrhasius m-album (white M hairstreak)

Quercus alba-pref Tilia spp



Nectar et al:

Asclepias Eupatorium Cornus Viburnum Rhus Oxydendrum arboreum Prunus serotina Solidago Apocynum Rubus


[1]



Satyrium

Satyrium calanus (banded hairstreak)

Quercus alba Q prinus Juglans nigra J cinerea Carya spp


Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Achillea Rhus typhina Melilotus alba Sambucus canadensis


[1]


Satyrium caryaevorum (hickory hairstreak)

Carya cordiformis C glabra C ovata


Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Cirsium Daucus carota Rhus typhina Melilotus alba Ceanothus americanus


[1]


Satyrium edwardsii (Edwards' hairstreak)

Quercus ilicifolia- pref Q marilandica Q velutina


Nectar et al:


Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Rhus typhina Solidago Melilotus alba



[1]


Satyrium favonius (southern hairstreak)

Quercus alba Q stellata Q velutina Q rubra Q ilicifolia-poss



Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Vaccinium


[1]


Satyrium liparops (striped hairstreak)

Ericaceae Rosaceae Vaccinium spp Rhododendron calendulaceum Prunus serotina Crataegus spp Amelanchier spp Rubus spp Pyrus spp Malus spp Carpinus caroliniana



Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Rhus typhina Ceanothus americanus Viburnum Solidago


[1]



Satyrium titus (coral hairstreak)

Prunus serotina-pref P virginiana Rosaceae- poss



Nectar et al:


Asclepias-pref A tuberosa- pref Apocynum Ceanothus americanus Melilotus alba Achillea


[1]


Benefactor taxa for monarchs
Taxon Behavior Food Reproduction Shelter Water Notes
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Strymon

Strymon melinus (gray hairstreak)

Fabaceae Malvaceae Lespedeza spp Desmodium spp Vicia spp Trifolium spp Malva spp Phaseolus spp




Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum Barbarea vulgaris Cercis canadensis Cirsium Solidago Mentha Melilotus alba Trifolium


[1]

Family Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies)

Aglais

Aglais milberti (Milbert's tortoiseshell)

Urtica dioica U gracilis


Nectar et al:

Cirsium Asclepias Vernonia Trifolium Verbesina alternifolia Aster

also

ferm fruit damp soil probably sap


[1]


Asterocampa

Asterocampa celtis (hackberry emperor)

Celtis tenuifolia C occidentalis


Nectar et al:


sap rotting fruit dung carrion moist soil

ans Sweat salt


[1]



Asterocampa clyton (tawny emperor)

Celtis tenuifolia C occidentalis


Nectar et al:


soil dung rotting fruit tree sap

rarely milkweed


[1]


Boloria

Boloria bellona (meadow fritillary)

Viola soraria V papilionacea


Nectar et al:

esp composites Achillea millefolium Daucus carota Chrys leuc Taraxacum offinale Apocynum Trifolium Verbesina alternifolia Cirsium Vernonia Solidago Aster


[1]



Boloria selene (silver-bordered fritillary)

Viola cucullata V pallens V striata V primulifolia V papilionacea



Nectar et al:

Apocynum Asclepias Vernonia Achillea millefolium Chrys leuc Trif pratense Mentha Solidago


[1]



Cercyonis

Cercyonis pegala (common wood-nymph)

c p pegala

Danthonia spicata Triodia flava Andropogon spp Poa spp

Nectar et al:

prefs sap ferm fruit dung

Asclepias Chrysanthemum leuc Rudbeckia hirta Daucus carota Trifolium Dipsacus Vernonia Eupatorium Monarda fistulosa


SUBSPECIES

c pegala nephele

host is "grasses"

Nectar et al:

sap ferm fruit moist soil

reg Chrys leuc Asclepias


[1]


Chlosyne

Chlosyne gorgone (gorgone checkerspot)

Helianthus Ambrosia Lysimachia


Nectar et al:

yellow composites preferred Solidago Coreopsis

reg Melilotus alba Asclepias Erigeron


[1]


Chlosyne harrisii (Harris' checkerspot)

Aster umbellatus


Nectar et al:

Erigeron Hieracium Chrys leuc Taraxacum officinale


[1]


Chlosyne nycteis (silvery checkerspot)

Verbesina alternifolia- pref Helianthus spp H tuberosus H. strumosus Aster puniceus


Nectar et al:

Apocynum Asclepias Erigeron Barbarea vulgaris Trifolium Taraxacum officinale Cirsium arvense Pastinaca sativa


[1]


Cyllopsis

Cyllopsis gemma (gemmed satyr)

Cynodon dactylon


Nectar et al:

damp soil dung fungi tree sap fermenting fruit


[1]


Danaus

Enodia

Enodia anthedon (northern pearly-eye)

Leersia virginica Panicum spp Hystrix patula Uniola latifolia Erianthus alopecuroides Brachyelytrum erectum



Nectar et al:


prefs willow sap ferm fruit dung carrion fungi damp soil


[1]


Euphydryas

Euphydryas phaeton (Baltimore checkerspot)

Chelone glabra- pref Plantago lanceolata Viburnum recognitum Pedicularis canadensis Lonicera japonica Aureolaria flava other A spp



Nectar et al:


Asclepias Apocynum Chrys leuc Trifolium Rudbeckia hirta Viburnum

puddle

also dung


[1]


Euptoieta

Euptoieta claudia (variegated fritillary)

Viola- pref cultivated pansies-pref Podophyllum peltatum Sedum spp. Portulaca spp Menispermum spp Desmodium spp


Nectar et al:


prefs:

Asclepias Cirsium Apocynum Vernonia Eupatorium Aster red white clover

reg:

Mentha Echium vulgare


[1]


Hermeuptychia

Hermeuptychia sosybius (Carolina satyr)

Poa spp Poa pratensis Cynodon dactylon



Nectar et al:

sap ferm frut dung

puddle


[1]


Junonia

Junonia coenia (common buckeye)

Scrophulariaceae Plantaginaceae Acanthaceae Plantago lanceolata- pref P rugelii- pref Linaria vulgaris-pref Aureolaria spp Agalinis spp Ruellia spp



Nectar et al:

Daucus carota Helianthus Aster Asclepias Vernonia Trifolium


[1]


Libytheana

Libytheana carinenta (American snout)

Celtis occidentalis C tenuifolia


Nectar et al:

like 2 puddle

reg

Apocynum Solidago Aster Daucus carota Rubus Asclepias Eupatorium


[1]


Limenitis

Limenitis archippus (viceroy)

Salix spp- pref Populus tremuloides- pref P alba- nonpref P deltoides- non P nigra- non


Nectar et al:

prefs dung carrion fermenting fruit moist sand soil

reg Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Dipsacus Aster


[1]


Limenitis arthemis (red-spotted purple)

Prunus serotina P virginiana Amelanchier spp Populus grandidentata P tremuloides P alba P deltoides Pyrus malus Quercus velutina Quercus ilicifolia Salix spp


[1]



Nectar et al:

prefs sap ferm fruit damp soil dung carrion

nonpref

Prunus serotina Viburnum Cornus


[1]


Megisto

Megisto cymela (little wood satyr)

Poa spp Dactylis glomerata


Nectar et al:

prefs sap fermenting fruit fungi aphid honey dew dung wet soil

non pref:

Asclepias Chrys leuc Melilotus alba Rubus spp Viburnum spp Rhus typhina


[1]


Nymphalis

Nymphalis antiopa (mourning cloak)

Salix nigra- pref S babylonica- pref Ulmus americanus Populus tremuloides P grandidentata Celtis spp

Late instar Quercus ilicifolia

Nectar et al:


tree sap

rotting fruit

rarely: Asclepias Apocybum Ceanothus


[1]



Nymphalis vaualbum (Compton tortoiseshell)

Populus spp Salix spp Betula spp




Nectar et al:


prefs rotting fruit sap moist soil



[1]





Phyciodes

Phyciodes batesii (tawny crescent)

Aster undulatus A simplex



Nectar et al:

variety of june bloomers


[1]


Phyciodes cocyta (northern crescent)

slash selenis

Compositae Aster simplex


Nectar et al:

Apocynum Erigeron Trifolium repens Chrysanthemum leucanthemum


[1]


Phyciodes tharos (pearl crescent)

Many Compositae Aster simplex A pilosus A laevis A novae-angliae


Nectar et al:

almost any flower, esp if flat

prefs Taraxacum officinale Hieracium Chrysanthemum Rudbeckia hirta Asclepias Apocybum Aster Achillea millefolium Solidago


[1]


Polygonia

Polygonia comma (eastern comma)

Urtica spp Boehmeria cylindrica Laportea canadensis Ulmus spp Humulus spp Celtis- nonpref

Nectar et al:

moist soil tree sap rotting fruit dung carrion

rare Eupatorium Rubus


[1]


Polygonia faunus (green comma)

Salix Betula Alnus Ribes- poss



Nectar et al:

damp soil tree sap rotten fruit dung carrion flower nectar


[1]



Polygonia interrogationis (question mark)

Ulmus spp- pref Celtis spp- pref Urtica spp Boehmeria cylindrica


Nectar et al:

prefs rotting fruit tree sap dung carrion damp soil

reg Asclepias Aster Cornus Trifolium pratense


[1]


Polygonia progne (gray comma)

Ribes rotundifolia- pref Ulmus- non Rhododendron nudiflorum



Nectar et al:

prefs sap ferm fruit dung

Arctium minus Dipsacus


[1]


Satyrodes

Satyrodes appalachia (Appalachian brown)

Carex lacustris C stricta- pref Glyceria striata



Nectar et al:

prefs Sap Ferm fruit rotting fungi dung


[1]


Satyrodes eurydice (eyed brown)

Carex lacustris C lupulina C stricta C bromoides C trichocarpa




Nectar et al:

prefs Sap ferm fruit fungi

reg: Asclepias incarnata Eupatorium Monarda fistulosa



[1]



Speyeria

Speyeria aphrodite (Aphrodite fritillary)

Viola papilionacea V cucullata V soraria V striata


Nectar et al:

prefs: Asclepias Arctium Eupatorium Vernonia Apocynum Cirsium Echium vulgare Chrysanthemum Pycnanthemum flexuosum


[1]


Speyeria atlantis (Atlantis fritillary)

Viola papilionacea V cucullata V soraria V blanda V pennsylvanica V canadensis V striata



Nectar et al:


Asclepias Apocynum Spiraea Arctium Chrys leuc Achillea millefolium Erigeron Trifolium pratense Mentha Prunella vulgaris Monarda clinopodia


[1]


Speyeria cybele (great spangled fritillary)

Viola papilionacea V cucullata V soraria V striata


Nectar et al:

prefs Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Apocynum Pycnanthemum flexuosum

regular: Trifolium Echium vulgare


[1]


Speyeria diana (diana fritillary)

Viola


Nectar et al:

Asclepias syriaca-pref A tuberosa-peef A incarnata-pref Cirsium- pref Monarda fistulosa Eupatorium Vernonia


[1]


Benefactor taxa for monarchs
Taxon Behavior Food Reproduction Shelter Water Notes
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Speyeria idalia (regal fritillary)

Viola



Nectar et al:

Jul Asc syriaca A incarnata A tuberosa

Aug-sep Vernonia Eupatorium Cirsium Aster

Eupatorium perfoliatum-nonpref

Trifolium



[1]



Benefactor taxa for monarchs
Taxon Behavior Food Reproduction Shelter Water Notes
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Vanessa

Vanessa atalanta (red admiral)

Urtica dioica- pref U gracilis-pref Boehmeria cylindrica Parietaria pensylvanica Laportea canadensis



Nectar et al:

sap-pref ferm fruit-pref dung-pref carrion-pref


cirsium Asclepias Apocynum Trifolium pratense Chrys leuc Daucus carota Syringa



[1]


Vanessa cardui (painted lady)

Cirsium spp- pref Asteraceae Malvaceae Althaea spp- pref Malva neglecta Boraginaceae Fabaceae cultivated Artemisia




Nectar et al:

esp fond of composites Cirsium vernonia Eupatorium Asclepias Trifolium pratense Aster Zinnia Tagetes


[1]





Vanessa virginiensis (American painted lady)

Antennaria spp A neglecta A viginica A plantaginifolia Anaphalis margaritacea Gnaphalium spp





Nectar et al:

Asclepias Apocynum red clover white clover Cirsium Taraxacum officinale Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Solidago Aster


[1]

Family Papilionidae (swallowtails)

Battus

Battus philenor (pipevine swallowtail)

Aristolochia macrophylla- pref A serpentaria


Nectar et al:

Pink and purple flowers pref Phlox Asclepias Eupatorium Vernonia Cirsium Lilium superbum


[1]


Papilio

Papilio canadensis (Canadian tiger swallowtail)

Liriodendron tulipifera- activeley toxic

Populus tremuloides P. grandidentata Betula spp. Prunus serotina



Nectar et al:

males puddle same as eastern tiger Nectar et al:

Asclepias-pref Cirsium-pref Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref Rhododendron-pref Apocynum-pref Albizia julibrissin-pref Lilium spp-pref Trifolium pratense-pref


[1]


Papilio cresphontes (giant swallowtail)

Zanthoxylum americanum Z clava-herculis Ptelea trifoleata Citrus spp


Nectar et al: Asclepias, especially small woodland species Solidago Saponaria officinalis Lonicera japonica


[1]


Papilio glaucus (eastern tiger swallowtail)

Liriodendron tulipifera- pref Prunus serotina- pref Fraxinus-poss Lindera benzoin-poss Syringa vulgaris-poss Ptelea trifoliata-poss



Nectar et al:

Asclepias-pref Cirsium-pref Vernonia-pref Eupatorium-pref Rhododendron-pref Apocynum-pref Albizia julibrissin-pref Lilium spp-pref Trifolium pratense-pref


[1]


Papilio polyxenes (black swallowtail)

Umbelliferae Daucus carota D c var. sativa Anethum graveolens Petroselinum crispum Ruta graveolens



Nectar et al:

Trifolium Asclepias Cirsium Vernonia Eupatorium


[1]


Papilio troilus (spicebush swallowtail)

Sassafras albidum-pref Lindera benzoin-pref Liriodendron tulipifera- poss Zanthoxylum americanum- poss


Nectar et al: can use long tubed flowers Lonicera japonica-pref Impatiens-pref

Asclepias Cirsium Eupatorium Apocynum Rhododendron Albizia julibrissin


[1]


Protographium

Protographium marcellus (zebra swallowtail)

Asamina triloba


Nectar et al:

males like to puddle Rubus Apocynum Cercis canadensis Asclepias Echium vulgare


[1]

Family Pieridae

Anthocharis

Anthocharis midea (falcate orangetip)

Cardamine spp Arabis laevigata A serotina A glabra Alliaria officinalis Lepidium campestre Dentaria laciniata other mustard fam spp


Nectar et al:

Claytonia Viola pedata Cardamine hirsuta Lepidium Dentaria Arabis

[1]


Colias

Colias eurytheme (orange sulphur)

Medicago sativa- pref Trifolium repens T spp Melilotus alba-non Baptisia-non Coronilla varia-non Vicia spp.-non other leg-non


Nectar et al:

non-deep tubed

Taraxacum Aster

Trifolium-pref Mentha-pref Chrysanthemum-pref Dipsacus-pref Solidago-pref Cirsium-pref Vernonia-pref


[1]


Colias interior (pink-edged sulphur)

Vaccinium angustifolium-pref other blueberries


Nectar et al:

red and blue flowers pref Trifolium pratense Prunella vulgaris Satureja vulgaris

Yellow Taraxacum officinale Lotus corniculatus

White nonpref Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Aralia hispida



[1]


Colias philodice (clouded sulphur)

Trifolium repens -pref Trifolium pratense- pref other legumes poss


Nectar et al: Taraxacum Trifolium Solidago Vernonia Eupatorium Aster Tagetes Chrysanthemum


[1]


Euchloe

Euchloe olympia (Olympia marble)

Arabis laevigata- pref Arabis serotina- pref other rockcresses-pref

Cardamine hirsuta-non



Nectar et al:

Claytonia Viola pedata Phlox Houstonia Stellaria Arabis


[1]


Eurema

Eurema lisa (little yellow)

Cassia fasciculata C nictitans larger leaved Sennas usually avoided


Nectar et al: Aster Solidago Trifolium Prunella Liatris


[1]


Eurema nicippe (sleepy orange)

Cassia fasciculata C hebecarpa C marilandica C nictitans


Nectar et al:

Trifolium Melilotus alba Echium vulgare Aster Vernonia


[1]


Phoebis

Phoebis sennae (cloudless sulphur)

Cassia fasciculata C hebecarpa C marilandica-poss C nictitans- poss


Nectar et al:

long tubed flowers Lonicera Lobelia cardinalis Hibiscus syriacus Cirsium Cassia


[1]


Pieris

Pieris rapae (cabbage white)

many crucifers Barbarea vulgaris Brassica spp broccoli cauliflower cabbage Alliaria officinalis

Nectar et al:

Taraxacum-spring Lepidium-spring Brassica-spring

trifolium-later Mentha-later Aster-later

Asclepias-nonpref Eupatorium-nonpref other large composites-nonpref


[1]


Pieris virginiensis (West Virginia white)

Dentaria laciniata- pref D diphylla- pref Arabis spp- nonpref Alliaria officinalis-non-pref Arabis serotina Cardamine spp Cardamine hirsuta Arabis laevigata-pref


Nectar et al: Claytonia Dentaria Sedum Viola


[1]


Pontia

Pontia protodice (checkered white)

Lepidium virginicum-pref L densiflorum-pref Capsella bursa-pastoris Barbarea vulgaris other mustards


Nectar et al: Sisymbrium-pref Barbarea vulgaris-pref other mustards Asclepias Trifolium


[1]

Family Riodinidae

Calephelis

Calephelis borealis (northern metalmark)

Senecio obovatus- pref other ragworts




Nectar et al: Achillea Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Rudbeckia hirta Erigeron





Benefactor taxa for monarchs
Taxon Behavior Food Reproduction Shelter Water Notes
Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Asclepias tuberosa, the butterfly milkweed.

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect

Little to no effect






[1]

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 Allen, Thomas J. (1997). Bonta, Marcia. ed (in English). The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterppillars. Pitt Series in Nature and Natural History. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 388. ISBN 9780822956570.
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