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an

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "an" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature: {_a}.
Details: a-tittle: line or double curve of abbreviation, tittle or tilde over a, often indicating omitted n or m.

de

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "de" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {d,}.
Details: d with a descending hook, sometimes abbreviating de but more often otiose (Petti, p. 23).

en

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "en" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {_e}.
Details: e-tittle: line or double curve of abbreviation, tittle or tilde over e, often indicating en or em.

es

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "es" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {es}.
Details: so-called swash e, a form for terminal es, is, or ys with looped descender (Petti, p. 23).

ger

Paleographical feature {g'}.
Details: g with ascending stroke hooking backwards over the letter.

gra

Paleographical feature {gA}.
Details: g with a curled or flourished u or a, sometimes only a serrated line, written above g and standing normally for gra.

in

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "in" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {_i}.
Details: i-tittle: line or double curve of abbreviation, tittle or tilde over i, often indicating omitted n or m.

ion

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "ion" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {_on}.
Details: on-tittle or ou-tittle: line or double curve of abbreviation, tittle or tilde over on or ou, often abbreviating ion or ioun, (Petti, p. 23) or ascending curl (Petti 22-3).

mar

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "mar" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {m'}.
Details: m with final raised hook often standing for mer, mar.


ne

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "ne" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {n'}.
Details: n with final raised hook often standing for omitted er and other times for ne, in which case the mark is generally otiose (Petti, p. 24).

on

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "ion" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {_o}.
Details: o-tittle: line or double curve of abbreviation, tittle or tilde over o , sometimes indicating omitted i, y, n, or m.


our

Paleographical feature {o+r+}.
Details: shortened from our.

pri

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "pri" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {p`}.
Details: p with a superscript stroke like an opening quotation or i, infrequently abbreviating pri (Petti, p. 24).


pre

Paleographical feature {p'}.
Details: p with a superscript hook, often standing for pre (Petti, p. 24).


per

Paleographical feature {p+}.
Details: p with cross bar through descender, often standing for par or per (Petti, p. 24) or por (Cappelli xxx).

per

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "per" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {p1}.
Details: p with convex curl (frown) through descender, made to the left and down and around through the shaft towards the right, often standing for par and per.

pro

Paleographical feature {p2}. later
Details: p with a loop made from the base-line to the left and down to meet the midpoint of the descender, either not crossing it to make a convex or concave curl or crossing it; normally standing for pro.

pro

Paleographical feature {p3}.
Details: p with concave curl (smile) through descender, made from the bottom up to the left and around through the shaft towards right, often standing for pro (the bottom half of 0 is concave, like an o with a tail given a quarter counterclockwise turn ).

quod

Paleographical feature {q+d+}.
Details: double-letter abbreviation for quod using q and superscript d.

re

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "re" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {r'}.
Details: r with ascending hook, or connected apostrophe, indicating omitted e (Petti 22-3).

ser

Paleographical feature {{s}8}.
Details: long-s with double curl made through descender to form an 8-shape, or with a / made through its descender, often a abbreviation of ser, sir, sur, or syr (Petti, p. 24).

ter

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "ter" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {t'}.
Details: t with a superscript hook, standing often for ter (Petti, p. 24).

tra

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "ter" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {tA}.
Details: t with a curled or flourished a, sometimes only a serrated line, written above t and standing normally for tra.

the

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "the" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {{th}+e+}.
Details: two-letter abbreviation for the using thorn and superscript e.

there

Paleographical feature {{th}+er+}.
Details: thorn plus superscript er standing for there.


that

Paleographical feature {{th}+t+}.
Details: thorn plus superscript t standing for that.


thou

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "thou" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {{th}+u+}.
Details: thorn plus superscript u standing for thou.


uer

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "uer" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {u'}.
Details: u with a superscript hook, standing often for uer.

un

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "un" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {_u}.
Details: u-tittle: line or double curve of abbreviation, tittle or tilde over u, often indicating omitted n or m.

us

Paleographical feature {9}.
Details: letter shaped like 9, Tironian abbreviation for initial con for terminal us or ous (Petti, pp. 23-4) and for terminal hook following consonants and indicating omitted us, os, is, s (Cappelli xxiv).

ver

Paleographical feature {v'}.
Details: v with a superscript hook, standing often for ver.

which

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "which" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {w+c+}.
Details: double-letter abbreviation for which using w and superscript c.

with

Detail of scribal abbreviation for "with" in a 16th century manuscript."

Paleographical feature {w+t+}.
Details: two-letter abbreviation for with and superscript t.

yn

Paleographical feature {_y}.
Details: y with a macron, indicating omitted n.


See also

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