Applications

• Hwat dœst þu?

What are you doing?

• Ic pleȝe Basketball.

I play basketball.

• Pleȝst þu Fotball?

Do you play soccer?

• Ic make Husniede.

I do homework.

• He makþ Husniede.

He does homework.

• Makst þu Sport?

Do you play sports?

Note the last sentence. In English one plays sport, while in Englisc one does sport. You can also use the w-words from Lesson 1 to make some more combinations:

• Hwy pleȝst þu Baseball?

Why do you play baseball?

• Hwa hæfþ Husniede?

Who has homework?

To say "not", use "ne" before the verb. "Nan" is another word to emphasize that you play none of a sport, and declines like an does.

• Hwa ne pleȝþ Fotball?

Who doesn't play soccer?

• Wiȝ pleȝeþ nanen Tennis.

We don't play tennis.

Compound Sentences

Englisc Vocabulary • Freeteid • audio (info •72 kb • help) Conjunctions Fœgunge
English	Englisc
and	and
but	ak
or	oþþe

Both Englisc and English have compound sentences; the applications of these are enormous. They can be used in lists, but also in compound sentences. For example,

• Ic pleȝe Basketball and he pleȝþ eak Basketball.

I play basketball, and he also plays basketball.

The new word, "eak", is very important and it means "also". The one grammar rule about "eak" is that it always comes after the verb.

Section Problems>>

Other Verbs and Their Conjugations

Englisc Grammar • Freeteid • audio (info •135 kb • help) Verbs Verben
Englisc	English
ræden	to read
lesen	to gather
bescawen	to watch
seen	to see
wœrken	to work
wreiten	to write
finden	to find
swimmen	to swim

Bescawen, wreiten, and swimmen are all regular verbs, they follow normal conjugations. To conjugate, you first remove the ' en ', then add the correct ending, here is an example,

• Finden is an irregular verb; however, it has a simple change. Whenever the verb ends with a consonant cluster like "nd", an 'e' is added before it. So it would be du findest, not du findst. As well as he, scie, it, and ȝiȝ findeþ, not he, scie, it, and ȝiȝ findþ.

• Lesen is also an irregular verb. First, when forming "þu" it is liest and with "he, scie, it" it is liesþ.

• Seen is the last irregular verb. When forming "þu" it is siehst and with "he, scie, it" it is siehþ.

Section Problems>>

Two More Verb Forms

There are two more verb forms in English that you will learn this lesson: the present progressive ("I am playing, he is making"), and the affirmative "I do play, he does not play", which includes a form of 'to do'.

It might be tempting to make the present progressive sentence, "I am playing." into "Ic em pleȝen.". After all, 'pleȝen' sounds a lot like 'play-ing', but that is not the definition. 'Pleȝen' means 'to play', which makes "Ic em pleȝen." into "I am to play.", not at all what you are trying to say, and a collection of words that does not make sense. So it is not "Ic em pleȝen."

The second phrase, "I do play", is another tricky one. This one may seem like, "Ic do pleȝen." But don't forget, there are no helping verbs in Englisc. "Ic do pleȝen." just doesn't work.

Both of the phrases above are simplified in Englisc. Instead of "I am playing." and "I do play.", Englisc makes them both simply: "Ic pleȝe." When using 'not', instead of "does not play", you get "Ic ne pleȝe". This may sound like old English, and there you see where English came from, and why it is called a "Germanic" language.

Section Problems>>

Asking the Time

Englisc Vocabulary • Freeteid • audio (info •243 kb • help) Time Teid
	English	Englisc
	What time is it? (How late is it?)	Hu læt is it?
	What time is it? (How much clock is it?)	Hu fele Uhr is it?
Ef	It is 10:15	Nu is tien Uhr feiftien.
BoA	It is 10:15	Fierðel æfter Tien
BoA	It is 10:45	Fierðel ær Endlefen

In table above you might have seen the Ef and BoA, those stand for exact form and before or after. Specific times can be expressed in two ways: Exact form (e.g. "Four thirty-seven") or before or after form (e.g. "Twenty-three to five").

Exact form

This form is the same as English. For example,

• It is tien Uhr feiftien.

It is 10:15 a.m.

• The new word Uhr means "o'clock", and is used in all exact times, it comes between the hour and the minute.

• Also, Englisc-speakers generally use the 24-hour clock when expressing time this way, therefore, 3:29 p.m. (15:29) is "feiftien Uhr niȝnandtweȝntiȝ."

Section Problems>>

Before or After the Hour

Englisc Vocabulary • Freeteid • audio (info •111 kb • help) BoA BoA
English	Englisc
After, Past	æfter
Till, to	ær
quarter	Fierðel
half before	Half

• Use the same form as in English. For example, 10:57 can be said as, "þrie ær Endlefen(three minutes to eleven". Likewise, 4:10 would be "tien æfter Fier(ten minutes past four)."

• Typically, use the smaller time interval with 'æfter' or 'ær'. Don't say, "sefenandfeiftig æfter Tien."

• You don't need a ær when using half. For example, 11:30 can be said as, "Half twelf" and 5:15 can be said as "Fierðel æfter Feif", 5:45 would be "Fierðel ær Six".

Note: This is only used with informal time telling. You don't use 'Uhr'.

Section Problems>>

Saying When You Do Something

Hwann pleȝst þu Football? (Football means American Football. Soccer would be "Fotball", which lit. means Football)

To say you play a sport at a certain time in English, you would answer, "I play football at 3:30." This is all the same in Englisc, with the translation of 'at' being um. That makes the above response "Ic pleȝe Football um half Fier." or "Ic pleȝe Football um feiftien Uhr þrittiȝ.".

Section Problems>>

Times of Day

Englisc Vocabulary • Freeteid • audio (info •364 kb • help) Times of Day Dæȝesteide
English	Englisc
the day	þe Dæȝ
today	todæȝ
tomorrow	morgen
the day after tomorrow	ofermorgen
yesterday	ȝestern
the day before yesterday	ærȝestern
(early) morning	Ærmorgen*
morning	undern
afternoon	Ofernon
evening	Æfen
night	Niht

*In Englisc, the words for "morning" and "tomorrow" are almost the same: morgen and to-morgen. If you want to say tomorrow morning use on morgen (meaning: in the morning) instead of tomorgen morgen.

• The words above can be combined into phrases like "ȝestern Æfen".

Section Problems>>

Days and Months

English	Englisc
Monday	Monendæȝ/Mondæȝ
Tuesday	Tiwsdæȝ
Wednesday	Wodensdæȝ
Thursday	Þunersdæȝ
Friday	Friȝdæȝ
Saturday	Sæterndæȝ
Sunday	Sonndæȝ/Sonnendæȝ

Englisc Vocabulary • Freeteid • audio (info •328 kb • help) Months Monþe
English	Englisc
January	Wintermonþ
February	Solmonþ
March	Hreþmonþ
April	Eastermonþ
May	Þrimilcemonþ
June	Seremonþ
July	Mædmonþ
August	Weedmonþ
September	Haliȝmonþ
October	Winterfylleþ
November	Blotmonþ
December	Ȝolmonþ

• To say "on Monday", say "am Monendæȝ" or whatever applies. To say "in January", say "im Wintermonþ" or whatever applies. This is the same for all of the days and months.

• You can also combine the times of day from earlier with the days of the week. But they're both nouns. To do this, therefore, we must combine the two words into one, as in "Tiwsniht" (Tuesday night) and "Wodensæfen" (Wednesday evening).

Culture Note: The Englisc week begins on Monday.

Section Problems>>

Dates

Englisc Vocabulary • Freeteid • audio (info •305 kb • help) Dates Daten
English	German
first of (month)	ærste
second of (month)	oðer
third of (month)	þridder
fourth of (month)	fierþe
seventh of (month)	sefenþe
eighth of (month)	ahtþr
-th of [below 20]	-þe
tenth of	tienþ
twentieth of	tweȝntigþe
thirty-first of	aanandþrittiȝþe
-th of [20 to 31]	-þe
on (the)	am

• The ordinal numbers from 2 to 19 take the endings þ/t and from 20 upwards take the ending þ

• For example "on the 25th of December",

Simply say "am feifandtweȝntiȝþen Ȝolmonþ."

In other cases you say "feifandtweȝntiȝþe' Ȝolmonþ" or "þe feifandtweȝntiȝþe'e Ȝolmonþ".

• In Englisc, dates are written out in the logical order Month . Day . Year, instead of the American Month/Day/Year.

Engliscuses a dot or a dash instead of a slash. Do not use the slash in dates, as it is unusual and confusing because you cannot tell if "4/6" means 4th of June (4.6.) or 6th of April (6.4.)

Section Problems>>

Birthdays

Englisc Vocabulary • Freeteid • audio (info •237 kb • help) Birthdays Gebyrddage
English	German
Birthday	Gebyrddæȝ
Happy Birthday	Alle Gode tom Gebyrddæȝ!
Best wishes on your birthday!	Gesælige Wyscunge tom Gebyrddæȝ!
Here is your present!	Hier is þeine Gife!
Thank you!	Þankewell!
That's a nice party!	Þat is ane tolle Party!

• To say, "My birthday is on November 13th", say, "Ic habe am þrietienþen Blotmonþ Gebyrddæȝ."

Here am þrietienþen Blotmonþ , am 13. Blotmonþ, am þrietienþen elfþen (a shorter version of endlefenþen) and am 13. 11. represent the same date.

Note the order; it translates back literally as "I have on the 13th of November birthday."

Section Problems>>

Seasons

Englisc Vocabulary • Freeteid • audio (how to upload) Seasons Ȝearsteide
English	Englisc
Spring	Lenkten
Summer	Summer
Autumn	Hærfest
Winter	Winter
in (the)	im

To say "in Summer", say "im Summer". For example,

• Im Summer pleȝe ic Baseball.

I play baseball in summer.

The time always goes before the verb and the subject. (time, verb, and subject)

Section Problems>>

Periods of Time

If you want to express a certain period of time, but it doesn't have a specific name, like Ofernon, you can do it like this:,

Englisc Vocabulary • Freeteid • audio (how to upload) Seasons Ȝearsteide
Englisc	Time
of	Starting Time
oþ	Ending Time

• This is the same as from ... till ... in English.

• This can also apply with dates. For example, "Wiȝ habeþ Scole (school) of Monenedæȝ oþ Friȝedæȝ".

• Exceptions

Wiȝ habeþ free of þem feifandtweȝntiȝþen Ȝolmonþ oþ þem oðern Wintermonþ.

Section Problems>>

How often?

Hu oft?, there are many ways to answer this question. Two are "once, twice, or three times in a ..." or "always, often, or never."

A Number or Times

To say, "once a month", or "four times a week", add "seiðe(n)" to the end of the number and use the examples below.

Englisc Vocabulary • Freeteid • audio (how to upload) Daily Dæȝlic
English	Englisc
Day	am Dæȝ
Week	in þer Wuke
Month	im Monþ
Year	im Ȝear
Weekend	am Wukenende
Morning	morgens
Evening	æfens
Afternoon	ofernons
Night	nihtes oþþe in þer Niht

For example

• Wiȝ kegelþ tweȝnseiðen in þer Woche.

We bowl twice a week.

Section Problems>>

Common Adverbs

Englisc Vocabulary • Freeteid • audio (how to upload) Sometimes Hweilen
English	Englisc
always	allteids
most of the time	mæstens
often	oft
sometimes	hweilen
seldom	selden
never	næfre
only	aanen

• To apply these words, put them in the sentence, after the verb and subject, but before the sport/activity.

• You can also use 'aanen' to say things like, Scie pleȝþ aanen hweilen Tennis.

• Note that if this is translated word-for-word, it becomes, She plays only sometimes tennis. That's just the way Englisc is.

Section Problems>>

Time-Related Words

Englisc Vocabulary • Freeteid • audio (how to upload) Sometimes Hweilen
English	Englisc
Time	þie Teid
Free time	þie Freeteid

• To say you have time, ignore the 'die'.
• To say when, insert other phrases you have learned this lesson. For example, Ic habe am Sæternsæfen Teid.

Note that the word order is the same as that of birthdays. You can use Freeteid in the same way.

Section Problems>>

What's On the Test

To go straight to the lesson test, go here.

Lessons

() (discussion) Q&A • Level One • Level Two • Level Three • Level Four • Level Five • Planning Level One : 1.00 Introduction • Section 1 ~ Starting Point : 1.01 Hu hattest þu? • 1.02 Freizeit • 1.03 Ettung • Review 1.01 • Section 2 ~ Lunden, England : 1.04 Klaðung • 1.05 Folk und Familie • 1.06 Scole • Review 1.02 • Section 3 ~ Edwinsburg, Scotland : 1.07 Þat Freols • 1.08 Privileg and Þeȝnung • 1.09 Wedder • Review 1.03 • Section 4 ~ Cardiff, Wales: 1.10 To Huse Etten • 1.11 Filme • 1.12 Þat Hus • Review 1.04 Level Two : 2.00 Introduction • Section 1 ~ Dublin, Irland: 2.01 Fœdnes e:00%.png]] • 2.02 Diere • 2.03 Kommunikation • Wiederholung 2.01 • Section 2 ~ Oxenford, England: 2.04 Kultur • 2.05 Nese • 2.06 Hælþ • Edhwierfung 2.02 • Section 3 ~ Birminghaam, England: 2.07 Þie World • 2.08 An Fare • 2.09 List • Edhwierfung 2.03 • Section 4 ~ Dresden, Germany: 2.10 Scole • 2.11 Wolkniȝ, Stormiȝ, Fræken • 2.12 Naturwittenscipe • Edhwierfung 2.04

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