| Latin | |
| Intro: | 1 • 2 |
| Chapter 1 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 |
| Chapter 2 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 |
| Chapter 3 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 |
| Chapter 4 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 |
| Chapter 5 | 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 |
Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs do not fit in any particular conjugation. Irregular verbs conjugate but not in a predictable manner. An example of an irregular verb that you have met is 'esse'. There are a few others which will be listed in the present indicate active tense below for you to memorise and refer to.
| Verb | Meaning | ego | tu | is/ea | nos | vos | ei/eae | Imperative sing. | Imp. pl |
| ire | to go | eo | is | it | imus | itis | eunt | i | ite |
| esse | to be | sum | es | est | sumus | estis | sunt | es | este |
| fieri | to become | fio | fis | fit | fimus | fitis | fiunt | fi | fite |
| velle | to wish | volo | vis | vult | volumus | vultis | volunt | (none) | (none) |
| malle | to prefer | malo | mavis | mavult | malumus | mavultis | malunt | (none) | (none) |
| nolle | to be unwilling | nolo | non vis | non vult | nolumus | non vultis | nolunt | noli* | nolite |
| ferre* | to carry | fero | fers | fert | ferimus | fertis | ferunt | fer | ferte |
| The imperatives noli and nolite are used to mean "don't", eg. "nolite ire" = "don't go!" Sometimes ferre is considered to be an 'o' stem 3rd conjugation verb. For practical purposes ferre is irregular. | |||||||||
Exercise 1
1. Copy out this table and translate.
Translate the following sentences:
1. fero portam. 2. fers portam 3. fert portam 4. ferimus portam 5. fertis portam 6. ferunt portam 7. sum bonus 8. es bonus 9. est bonus 10. sumus bonī 11. estis bonī 12. sunt bonī 13. este bonī! 14. nolī currāre!
Answer the following questions:
15. What do the irregular verbs have in common with regular verbs? 16. Why do we use 'boni' in question 10, 11, and 12 but 'bonus' in question 7, 8 and 9?
Exercise 2
Exercises:
1. Decline the following five nouns in both singular and plural number in the five common cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative):
| Singular | |||||||
| Nominative | nauta | ātrium | servus | dictātor | rēx | cornū | diēs |
| Accusative | |||||||
| Genitive | |||||||
| Dative | |||||||
| Ablative | |||||||
| Plural | |||||||
| Nominative | |||||||
| Accusative | |||||||
| Genitive | |||||||
| Dative | |||||||
| Ablative | |||||||
2. Conjugate the verb 'servāre' in both singular and plural number and all three persons.
3. Conjugate the verb 'esse', in both singular and plural number and all three persons.
4. Translate:
Nota Bene: Often Latin uses the present to indicate a 'vivid past'. It would be suitable to translate the following passage in the past tense.
| Latin | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| heri | yesterday | heri is an adverb. Don't try to use it as a noun ("Yesterday was a good day") |
| taberna, -ae | shop | 1st declension feminine |
| solea, -ae | sandle | 1st declension feminine |
| sic | so, and so, thus | |
| solus, -a, -um | alone | The adverb form (only) is solum |
| casa, -ae | house, hut | 1st declension feminine |
| sto, stare, steti, statum | stand | One of the few irregular first conjugation verbs |
Heri, ad tabernam eō. In tabernā sunt trēs rēs quārum amō duas sōleās et unam mensam. Habeō trēs denariōs, sīc ego emeō mensam sōlum quod sum nōn dīvīnitās. Hodiē, mensa est in casā meā. In triclīnio stat.