Flora of New York/Rhamnaceae … Urticaceae

← Amygdaloideae 2	Flora of New York — Rosales: Rhamnaceae … Urticaceae				→ Cucurbitales
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The first pair of Rosales families on this page (Rhamnaceae and Elaeagnaceae) contain several small trees and shrubs that are particularly invasive in many parts of New York. These include the autumn olive, Russian olive, common buckthorn, and glossy buckthorn.

Family Rhamnaceae

The Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family) in New York contains three species of native shrubs (two New Jersey tea and one buckthorn species). It also contains two highly invasive non-native buckthorns, both of which are prohibited in New York.^[1]^[2]

↑ Rhamnaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
↑ Rhamnaceae P. F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 12, July 2012.

Subfamily Rhamnoideae

Tribe Rhamneae

Besides the two highly invasive exotic buckthorn species, the Rhamneae tribe contains the native alder-leaved buckthorn.

Rhamnus

Native alder-leaved buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia).

The native alder-leaved buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia or Endotropis alnifolia)^[1]^[2] should not be confused with the invasive exotic "glossy buckthorn" (Frangula alnus), which also goes by the similar common name "alder buckthorn."

The two non-native buckthorns Rhamnus davurica and Rhamnus utilis have not been reported as naturalized in New York, but they have been reported outside of cultivation in neighboring states.

Rosales — Rhamnaceae — Rhamnoideae — Rhamneae — Rhamnus
Rhamnus	Buckthorn	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rhamnus alnifolia L’Hér. 1789. Rhamnus alnifolius L’Hér. 1915. Apetlorhamnus alnifolia Nieuwl. 2016. Ventia alnifolia (L'Hér.) Hauenschild (superfl.) 2016. Endotropis alnifolia (L’Hér.) Hauenschild	Alder-leaved buckthorn, American alder buckthorn, Dwarf alder, Swamp buckthorn Nerprun à feuilles d'aulne, Nerprun des marécages	Native, C:9, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Shrub, Part shade - shade			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. BNA LBJ Images, wsp Note: source
Rhamnus cathartica L. 1753. Rhamnus catharticus L.	European buckthorn, Common buckthorn, Purging buckthorn, European waythorn Nerprun cathartique, Nerprun purgatif, Épine noire	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 80%^[1], CP-2^[2] NE-1^[3], Prohibited^[4], WW			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Rhamnus davurica Pall. 1776. Rhamnus dauuricus Pall. 1866. R. cathartica var. dahurica Maxim.	Dahurian buckthorn Nerprun de Daourie	Introduced from Siberia, China, Japan, No specimens, CT, MA, PA, VT, PE			NYFA-0 USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Rhamnus utilis Decne. 1857. Rhamnus utilis Decne.	Chinese buckthorn Vert de Chine	Introduced from Asia, No specimens, CT, MI, OH, IN, IL			NYFA-0 USDA-X0 NPT ARS ITIS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Rhamnus cathartica: Very High (80). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

Frangula

Invasive Frangula alnus
Glossy buckthorn

The only Frangula species reported in the wild in New York is glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus), which is an Old World species that is considered highly invasive and is prohibited in New York. Frangula alnus is sometimes known as "alder buckthorn" and as noted above, should not be confused with the native Rhamnus alnifolia.

The seven or so North American Frangula species have not been reported in New York, but Carolina buckthorn and perhaps others may be able to survive cultivation in parts of the state.

Rosales — Rhamnaceae — Rhamnoideae — Rhamneae — Frangula
Frangula	Glossy buckthorn	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Frangula alnus Mill. 1753. Rhamnus frangula L. 1768. Frangula alnus Mill.	Glossy buckthorn, Glossy false buckthorn, Smooth buckthorn, Alder buckthorn	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Highly invasive, NYIS: 73%^[1], CP-2^[2] NE-1^[3], Prohibited^[4], WW			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS Trop. BNA CABI Images, wsp
Frangula caroliniana Rhamnus caroliniana Walter Rhamnus caroliniana var. mollis	Carolina buckthorn	N. America native southern US, Not listed FAC Perennial, Tree-shrub			NYFA- USDA-N0 BNA Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Frangula alnus: High (73). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

Subfamily Ziziphoideae

Tribe Pomaderreae

Ceanothus

Rosales — Rhamnaceae — Ziziphoideae — Pomaderreae — Ceanothus
Ceanothus	New Jersey tea	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ceanothus americanus Ceanothus intermedius	New Jersey tea, Indian tea, Wild snowball, Redroot, Snowbrush, Soapbloom, Mountainsweet	Native, Secure Perennial, Shrub, Part shade — shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN FS CS NPT LBJ Images, wsp
Ceanothus herbaceus	Jersey tea, Inland New Jersey tea, Prairie redroot, Grub root	Native, Endangered Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-1 USDA-NN CS NPT LBJ Images, wsp

Family Elaeagnaceae

The Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family)...^[1]

Shepherdia

Rosales — Elaeagnaceae — Shepherdia
Shepherdia	Buffalo berry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NPT
Shepherdia canadensis	Canada buffalo-berry, Russet buffaloberry	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt. 1813. Hippophae argentea Pursh 1818. Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt. 1890. Lepargyrea argentea (Pursh) Greene	Silver buffalo-berry, Silver buffaloberry	Introduced from w. N. America			NYFA-X USDA-NN ARS Images, wsp
↑ Elaeagnaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Elaeagnus

Elaeagnus umbellata

Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) commonly naturalizes and becomes invasive through much of New York State, while Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) does so on a much more limited basis.

Rosales — Elaeagnaceae — Elaeagnus
Elaeagnus Hill	Silver-berry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. 1784. Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. 1784. E. crispa Thunb. 1836. E. parvifolia Wall. ex Royle 1909. E. umbellata var. parvifolia	Autumn olive, Autumn elaeagnus, Spreading oleaster Oléastre à ombelles, Chalef en ombelles	Introduced from Asia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 94%^[1], CP-2^[2] NE-1^[3]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can iNat ARS Images, wsp
Elaeagnus angustifolia L. 1753. Elaeagnus angustifolia L. 1767. E. orientalis L. 1808. E. hortensis M.Bieb. 1857. E. moorcroftii Wall. ex Schltdl. 1887. E. angustifolia var. orientalis	Russian olive, Russian elaeagnus, Silver-berry, Oleaster, Trebizond-date Olivier de Bohême	Introduced from Eurasia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68%^[4], CP-5^[5] NE-1^[3]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can iNat ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. 1784. Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. 1859. Elaeagnus longipes A.Gray	Cherry silverberry, Cherry elaeagnus, Cherry oleaster Goumi	Introduced from temperate Asia			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Can iNat ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. 1784. Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. 1869. Elaeagnus simonii Carrière 1949. E. pungens var. simonii Rehder	Thorny-olive, Thorny elaeagnus, Spiny oleaster	Introduced from China & Japan, No NY reports			NYFA-0 USDA-X0 NPT iNat ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1814. Elaeagnus argentea Pursh nom. illeg. 1917. E. commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. 1955. E. veteris-castelli Lepage	Silverberry, American silverberry, Wolf-willow Chalef argenté, Chalef changeant	Introduced from western US, n. central US, Canada, N. America native, No NY reports			NYFA-0 USDA-NN Can iNat ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Elaeagnus umbellata: Very high (94). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009) 1 2 Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Elaeagnus angustifolia: Moderate (68). ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009)

Family Ulmaceae

The Ulmaceae (elm family)...^[1]

Ulmus

Rosales — Ulmaceae — Ulmus
Ulmus	Elm	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ulmus americana L. 1753. Ulmus americana L. 1860. U. americana var. aspera 1860. U. floridana Chapm. 1953. U. americana var. floridana	American elm, White elm Orme d'Amérique, Orme blanc	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN SNA NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Ulmus rubra Muhl. 1785. U. americana Marshall (i) 1788. U. pubescens Walter 1789. U. americana var. rubra 1793. U. rubra Muhl. 1796. U. pendula Willd. 1803. U. fulva Michx. 1809. U. crispa Willd.	Slippery elm, Red elm Orme rouge, Orme gras	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN SNA NPT Can ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Ulmus thomasii Sarg. 1831. U. racemosa D.Thomas non Borkh. (1800) 1902. U. thomasi(i) Sarg.	Rock elm, Cork elm, Hickory elm Orme liège, Orme de Thomas	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2-3 USDA-NN SNA NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Ulmus pumila	Siberian elm	Introduced from temperate Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 53%^[2], CP-5^[3]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
Ulmus glabra Huds.	Wych elm, Scotch elm, Broadleaf elm, Broad-leaved elm, European mountain elm Orme de montagne, Orme montagnard, Orme glabre, Orme blanc, Orme rude	Introduced from Eurasia, Unk. naturalization			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS Images, wsp
Ulmus procera Salisb. 1753. Ulmus campestris L. p.p. (i) 1796. U. procera Salisb. auct. U. minor non Mill.^[4] auct. U. carpinifolia non Ruppius ex G.Suckow	English elm, English cork elm Grand orme, Orme rouge, Orme champêtre	Introduced from Europe, northern Africa, Not naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Ulmus (excluded taxa)	Elm	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ulmus minor Mill. 1768. Ulmus minor Mill.	European field elm	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp
Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. 1798. Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. 1914. Ulmus sieboldii Daveau	Lacebark elm, Chinese elm	Introduced from Asia, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-XX NPT Can ARS Images, wsp
Ulmus glabra × procera Ulmus glabra × Ulmus procera	Hybrid of wych elm & English elm	Introduced from Eurasian parents, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp
↑ Ulmaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ulmus pumila: Moderate (53). ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009) ↑ Some authors have combined U. minor Mill. (s.s.) and U. procera under U. minor Mill. (s.l.).

Family Cannabaceae

The Cannabaceae (hemp family)...^[1]

↑ Cannabaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Celtis

Celtis (hackberry) was formerly included under Ulmaceae (above), but is now more likely to be included under Cannabaceae or in its own family.

Rosales — Cannabaceae — Celtis
Celtis	Hackberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Celtis occidentalis L. 1753. Celtis occidentalis L. 1797. Celtis crassifolia Lam. 1856. C. occidentalis var. crassifolia 1919. C. occidentalis var. canina	Northern hackberry, American hackberry, Common hackberry, Beaverwood, Nettletree Micocoulier occidental, Bois inconnu	Native, C:7, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Tree			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. 1814. Celtis pumila Pursh 1818. C. tenuifolia Nutt. 1856. C. occidentalis var. pumila 1897. C. georgiana Small 1902. C. pumila var. georgiana 1902. C. mississippiensis var. pumila 1919. C. pumila var. georgiana 1964. C. occidentalis var. georgiana 1967. C. tenuifolia var. soperi 1969. C. occidentalis fo. pumila 1982. C. occidentalis ssp. georgiana	Dwarf hackberry, Upland hackberry, Georgia hackberry Micocoulier rabougri, Micocoulier de Soper, Micocoulier de Géorgie	Native, C:9, No specimens			NYFA-NU USDA-NN Can ARS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp

Humulus

Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides
Northeastern hops

At least two species of wild hops are present in New York, depending on how they are recognized taxonomically. Of the three varieties of common hops (Humulus lupulus) found in New York, two (var. lupuloides and var pubescens) are considered native and one (var. lupulus) is European. A fourth variety (var. neomexicanus) is also native to North America but has not been reported in the wild in New York. Although similar in appearance, based on molecular and morphological studies, these four varieties can also be treated as separate species (H. lupuloides, H. pubescens, H. neomexicana, and H. lupulus s.s.).^[1]^[2]

Rosales — Cannabaceae — Humulus
Humulus	Hops	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Humulus lupulus L. var. lupuloides E.Small 1847. Humulus americanus Nutt. 1978. H. lupulus var. lupuloides 1982. H. lupulus ssp. americanus 2016. H. lupuloides (E.Small) Tembrock	Northeastern hops American hop Common hop Houblon lupuloïde	Native, C:5, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-vine			NYFA-U USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Humulus lupulus L. var. pubescens E.Small 1978. H. lupulus var. pubescens 2016. H. pubescens (E.Small) Tembrock	Midwestern hops, Pubescent hop, Common hop	Native, C:10, Rare Perennial, Herb-vine			NYFA-U USDA-N0 ARS ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Humulus lupulus L. var. lupulus 1753. Humulus lupulus L.	European hop, Common hop Houblon commun, Houblon grimpant	Introduced from Eurasia, Morocco, Naturalized, NE5^[1] Perennial, Herb-vine			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. 1790. Antidesma scandens Lour. 1846. Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. 1935. Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. 1988. Humulopsis scandens (Lour.) Grudz.	Japanese hops, Japanese hop Houblon japonais	Introduced from eastern Asia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 74%^[2], NE4^[3]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
↑ Category 5 Plants - native invasives - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Humulus japonicus: High (74). ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Cannabis

Rosales — Cannabaceae — Cannabis
Cannabis	Hemp	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cannabis sativa L. 1753. Cannabis sativa L. 1785. Cannabis indica Lam. 1924. Cannabis ruderalis Janisch. 1976. C. sativa ssp. indica E.Small & Cronquist	Hemp, Marijuana, Pot	Introduced from central Asia			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp

Family Moraceae

The Moraceae (mulberry or fig family)...^[1]

Tribe Moreae

Morus

Morus rubra
red mulberry fruit

Of the dozen-or-so species of mulberry trees found worldwide, two have been found in the wild in New York. The red mulberry (Morus rubra) is native to eastern North America, including New York, and the white mulberry (Morus alba, the primary host for silkmoth caterpillars) was introduced from eastern Asia and is known to escape cultivation. M. alba is considered to be invasive in Mid-Atlantic states.^[2]

↑ Moraceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
↑ Plant Species Reported to be Invasive in Natural Areas List. Source: Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council, 2005. Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States (2017).

Rosales — Moraceae — Moreae — Morus
Morus	Mulberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Morus rubra L. 1753. Morus rubra L. 1873. Morus rubra var. tomentosa 1873. Morus rubra var. rubra	Red mulberry, American mulberry Mûrier rouge	Native, C:8, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Morus alba L. 1753. Morus alba L. 1753. Morus tatarica L. 1855. Morus alba var. tatarica	White mulberry, Russian mulberry, Silkworm mulberry Mûrier blanc	Introduced from China, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 69%^[1]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Morus (excluded taxa)	Mulberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Morus nigra L. 1753. Morus nigra L.	Black Mulberry	Introduced from Asia, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 ARS FoC Trop. Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Morus alba: Moderate (69).

Broussonetia

Rosales — Moraceae — Moreae — Broussonetia
Broussonetia	Paper mulberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. 1753. Morus papyrifera L. 1799. B. papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. 1891. Papyrius papyriferus (L.) Kuntze	Paper mulberry, Tapa-cloth-tree Mûrier à papier	Introduced from Asia (temp & trop), Southeast invasive^[1] Perennial, Tree			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
↑ "paper-mulberry" Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States

Fatoua

Rosales — Moraceae — Moreae — Fatoua
Fatoua	Crabweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai 1784. Urtica japonica Thunb. non L.f. 1782 1784. Urtica villosa Thunb. 1856. Fatoua japonica (Thunb.) Blume nom. illeg. 1927. Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai	Mulberry-weed, Hairy crabweed	Introduced from Japan & Taiwan, Naturalized FAC Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-Xn USDA-XX ARS Trop. Images, wsp

Tribe Maclureae

Maclura

Maclura pomifera

Maclura pomifera (osage-orange) is a shrub or small tree that has been widely cultivated throughout the continental U.S., but it is considered to be native only to southwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and Texas. It has been cultivated in New York, but only occasionally naturalizes.

Rosales — Moraceae — Maclureae — Maclura
Maclura	Maclura	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. 1817. Ioxylon pomiferum Raf. 1817. Toxylon pomiferum Raf. 1828. Toxylon aurantiacum (Nutt.) Raf. 1906. Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid.	Osage-orange, Hedge-apple, Bow-wood, Bodoark Bois d'arc	Introduced from TX, OK, AR, N. America native, Naturalized Perennial, Shrub, tree			NYFA-X USDA-NX NPT ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp

Tribe Ficeae

Ficus

Rosales — Moraceae — Ficeae — Ficus
Ficus	Fig	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ficus carica L. 1753. Ficus carica L.	Common fig, Edible fig	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-XX Images, wsp

Family Urticaceae

The Urticaceae (nettle family)...^[1]

Subfamily Urticoideae

Tribe Urticeae

Laportea

Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Urticeae — Laportea
Laportea	Wood nettle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. 1753. Urtica canadensis L. 1826. Laportea canadensis (L.) Gaudich. 1849. Fleurya canadensis (L.) Benth. 1854. Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell 1891. Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuntze	Canada wood nettle, Canada nettle, Wood-nettle, Canadian woodnettle Laportéa du Canada, Ortie des bois, Ortie du Canada	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ Urticaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Urtica

Urtica gracilis ssp. gracilis

Many sources treat Urtica gracilis, the American stinging nettle, as a subspecies of Urtica dioica, which contains the European stinging nettle. Henning et al. (2014) proposed the transfer of the North American U. dioica subtaxa to U. gracilis, the holotype of which was collected on the Hudson Bay.^[1]

U. gracilis differs from U. dioica in that the the native plant is monoecious and has a less dense population of stinging hairs than the European species.

↑ Tilo Henning, Dietmar Quandt, Bernadette Grosse-Veldmann, Alexander Monro, & Maximilian Weigend (2014) "Weeding the Nettles II: A delimitation of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) based on morphological and molecular data, including a rehabilitation of Urtica gracilis Ait." Phytotaxa, 162(2): 61–83. Accessed: 13 Oct. 2018

Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Urticeae — Urtica
Urtica	Nettle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Urtica gracilis Aiton ssp. gracilis 1789. Urtica gracilis Aiton 1805. Urtica procera Muhl. ex Willd. 1856. Urtica dioica var. procera 1875. Urtica lyallii S.Watson 1889. Urtica californica Greene 1912. Urtica viridis Rydb. 1947. Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis	American stinging nettle, California nettle, California stinging nettle, California nettle, Slender stalked nettle	Native, C:2, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Urtica dioica L. ssp. dioica 1753. Urtica dioica L. 1869. Urtica dioica var. vulgaris	European stinging nettle Ortie dioïque, Grande ortie	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can Trop. Images, wsp
Urtica urens L.	Burning nettle, Dog nettle	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh	Weak nettle, Red nettle, Heart-leaved nettle	Introduced, US South native			NYFA-X USDA-N0 NEW-0 Images, wsp

Tribe Lecantheae

Pilea

Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Lecantheae — Pilea
Pilea	Clearweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray var. pumila 1753. Urtica pumila L. 1848. Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray	Green-fruited clearweed, Canadian clearweed, Coolwort, Richweed Piléa nain, Pilée naine, Ortie naine, Petite ortie	Native, C:2, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Pilea fontana (Lunell) Rydb. 1843. Adicea pumila Raf. 1913. Adicea fontana Lunell 1913. Adicea opaca Lunell 1931. Pilea fontana (Lunell) Rydb. 1931. Pilea opaca (Lunell) Rydb.	Black-fruited clearweed, Lesser clearweed, Spring clearweed, Springs clearweed Piléa des fontaines	Native, C:6, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Pilea fontana × pumila Pilea fontana × Pilea pumila	Hybrid clearweed	Native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp

Tribe Boehmerieae

Boehmeria

Boehmeria cylindrica
false nettle

Native false nettle is common in wet shady locations

Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Boehmerieae — Boehmeria
Boehmeria	False nettle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. 1753. Urtica cylindrica L. 1788. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. 1805. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Willd.	False nettle Smallspike false nettle Bog hemp Boehméria cylindrique, Fausse ortie cylindrique, Ortie de savanne	Native, C:7, Secure FACW-OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Tribe Parietarieae

Parietaria

Rosales — Urticaceae — Urticoideae — Parietarieae
Parietaria	Pellitory	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. 1806. P. pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. 1857. P. debilis var. pensylvanica 1903. P. obtusa Rydb. ex Small 1912. P. occidentalis Rydb. 1941. Freirea pensylvanica (Muhl. ex Willd.) Jarm. 1950. P. pensylvanica var. obtusa	Pennsylvania pellitory, Pennsylvania cucumber plant	Native, C:2, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS FNA Trop. NSE BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Parietaria judaica L. Parietaria judaica L. Parietaria diffusa	Spreading pellitory	Introduced from s. Europe, n. Africa, Impersistent			NYFA-X USDA-X0 NPT FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp

← Amygdaloideae 2	Flora of New York — Rosales: Rhamnaceae … Urticaceae				→ Cucurbitales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

References

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[1] Rhamnaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[2] Rhamnaceae P. F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 12, July 2012.

[3] Hauenschild et al. (2016). "Analysis of the cosmopolitan buckthorn genera Frangula and Rhamnus s.l. supports the description of a new genus, Ventia." Taxon, 65(1):65-78(14), International Association for Plant Taxonomy, March 2016.

[4] Corrigendum to Hauenschild et al. (2016). "Analysis of the cosmopolitan buckthorn genera Frangula and Rhamnus s.l. supports the description of a new genus, Ventia." Taxon, 65(4):926-927(2).

[5] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Rhamnus cathartica: Very High (80).

[CP2-6] Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009)

[NE1-7] Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[prohibit-8] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

[9] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Frangula alnus: High (73).

[CP2-10] Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009)

[NE1-11] Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[prohibit-12] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

[13] Elaeagnaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[14] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Elaeagnus umbellata: Very high (94). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

[CP2-15] Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009)

[NE1-16] 1 2 Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[17] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Elaeagnus angustifolia: Moderate (68).

[CP5-18] Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009)

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