Sogdia was a historical region in Central Asia, the northernmost province of the Persian Empire and of the kingdom Alexander the Great established in the region after conquering the Persians. It lay north of the Oxus River (now called Amu Darya) and the Romans called it Transoxania.
The area is a fertile plain while much of the nearby land is mountains and deserts. Borders have changed over the centuries, and the area has not always been united. Today most of it is in Uzbekistan, but parts of the historical region extend into what are now Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan.
Cities
- 🌍 Samarkand is near the center of the region, one of the great Silk Road trading cities, and was the capital of Tamerlane's empire, a
UNESCO World Heritage Site - 🌍 Bukhara is another great Silk Road city, further west, also a UNESCO World Heritage Site
- 🌍 Panjakent, east of Samarkand, a fairly important city in ancient times, is a town with interesting ruins nearby today
- 🌍 Shakhrizabz, south of Samarkand, was Tamerlane's birthplace
Talk
The main language of much of the region is Uzbek (in the Turkic language family) but Tajik (a dialect of Persian) is also fairly widely spoken. The region was part of the Soviet Union so Russian is also common.
The ancient Sogdian language has been extinct for over a thousand years. A descendant, Yaghnobi or Neo-Sogdian, survives. but it is spoken by only a few thousand people in isolated areas, and nearly all of them also speak Tajik.