Zinc selenide

Zinc selenide (ZnSe) is a light-yellow, solid compound comprising zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se). It is an intrinsic semiconductor with a band gap of about 2.70 eV at 25 °C (77 °F). ZnSe rarely occurs in nature, and is found in the mineral that was named after Hans Stille called "stilleite".

Zinc selenide
Zinc selenide
Names
Other names
Zinc selenide
Stilleite
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.013.873
EC Number
  • 215-259-7
UNII
  • InChI=1S/Se.Zn
    Key: SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • zincblende structure: [SeH+2]12[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]3[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]([ZnH-2]14)[ZnH-2]1[Se+2]5([ZnH-2]38)[Zn-2]26[SeH+2]2[ZnH-2]([Se+2]4)[SeH+2]1[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]3[ZnH-2]2[Se+2][ZnH-2]([SeH+2]6[ZnH-2]([SeH+2])[SeH+2]68)[SeH+2]([ZnH2-2]6)[ZnH-2]35
  • wurtzite structure: [ZnH2-2]1[Se+2]47[ZnH-2]2[Se+2][ZnH-2]3[Se+2]8([ZnH2-2][SeH+2]([ZnH2-2]4)[ZnH2-2]6)[ZnH-2]4[Se+2][ZnH-2]5[Se+2]6([ZnH2-2]6)[Zn-2]78[Se+2]78[ZnH-2]([SeH+2]69)[SeH+2]5[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]4[ZnH-2]7[SeH+2]3[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]2[ZnH-2]8[SeH+2]1[ZnH2-2]9
  • wurtzite structure: [ZnH2-2]1[SeH+2]([ZnH2-2]6)[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]7[ZnH-2]2[Se+2][Zn-2]3([Se+2][ZnH-2]9[Se+2]5)[Se+2]18[Zn-2]45[Se+2][ZnH-2]5[SeH+2]6[Zn-2]78[Se+2]78[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]5[ZnH2-2][Se+2]4([ZnH2-2][SeH+2]9[ZnH2-2]4)[ZnH-2]7[Se+2]34[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]2[ZnH2-2]8
Properties
ZnSe
Molar mass 144.35 g/mol
Appearance light yellow solid
Density 5.27 g/cm3
Melting point 1,525 °C (2,777 °F)
negligible
Band gap 2.82 eV (10 K)
2.67 (550 nm)
2.40 (10.6 μm)
Structure
Zincblende (cubic)
a = 566.8 pm
Tetrahedral (Zn2+)
Tetrahedral (Se2−)
Thermochemistry
177.6 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS06: ToxicGHS08: Health hazardGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H301, H331, H373, H410
P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P310, P304+P340, P311, P314, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
Related compounds
Other anions
Zinc oxide
Zinc sulfide
Zinc telluride
Other cations
Cadmium selenide
Mercury selenide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Properties

ZnSe can be made in both hexagonal (wurtzite) and cubic (zincblende) crystal structure.

It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor of the II-VI semiconductor group (since zinc and selenium belong to the 12th and 16th groups of the periodic table, respectively). The material can be n-type doped with, for instance, halogen elements. P-type doping is more difficult, but can be achieved by introducing gallium.

Applications

Chemistry

ZnSe is insoluble in water, but reacts with acids to form toxic hydrogen selenide gas.

It can be deposited as a thin film by chemical vapour deposition techniques including MOVPE and vacuum evaporation.

References

  1. Cr2+ excitation levels in ZnSe and ZnS, G. Grebe, G. Roussos and H.-J. Schulz, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. vol. 9 pp. 4511-4516 (1976) doi:10.1088/0022-3719/9/24/020
  2. https://web.archive.org/web/20190422005411/http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_5/2_5_8.html Kaye and Laby online at NPL via archive.org
  3. "Institute for Single Crystals - Materials and Products - AIIBVI - Passive Laser Optics Elements". iscrystals.com. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
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