Yunfu Cantonese

Yunfu Cantonese or Yunfu vernacular[2] (simplified Chinese: 云浮白话; traditional Chinese: 雲浮白話) is a dialect of Yue Chinese spoken in Yunfu, Guangdong, China. It is classified as a variety of Yuehai Yue,[1] or in more recent classification, Guangfu Yue.[3]

Yunfu Cantonese
云浮白话 / 雲浮白話
Native toChina
RegionYunfu, Guangdong
Native speakers
(400,000 cited 1995)[1]
Han characters
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone

Phonology

This section is mostly based on the variety spoken in Yuncheng.

Initials

The inventory of initials consists of 20 consonants (including the null initial):[4]

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
plain labialized
Stop plain p
爸		 t
打		 k
家		 kʷ[upper-alpha 1]
怪		 (ʔ)[upper-alpha 2]
矮
aspirated pʰ
怕		 tʰ
他		 kʰ
茄		 kʷʰ[upper-alpha 1]
葵
Affricate plain t͡s
坐
aspirated t͡sʰ
初
Fricative f
花		 s
社		 h
下
Nasal m
妈 / 媽		 n[upper-alpha 3]
拿		 ŋ
我
Approximant l[upper-alpha 3]
罗 / 羅		 j[upper-alpha 1]
野		 w[upper-alpha 1]
蛙
  1. Zhan & Cheung (1998:16) analyze /j/, /w/ and the lip rounding in /kʷ/ and /kʷʰ/ as part of finals.
  2. This is the null initial. Syllables beginning with the null initial have some glottal constriction at the onset.[5]
  3. Song, Yu & Zhuang (1995:16) report that speakers clearly distinguish /l/ and /n/, but Zhan & Cheung (1998:28) describe /n/ as having weak nasality and may sometimes sound similar to /l/.

Tones

Traditional accounts consider there to be eight tone categories:[6][7]

Syllable typeOpen syllablesChecked syllables
Traditional tone name dark flat
阴平 / 陰平		 light flat
阳平 / 陽平		 dark rising
阴上 / 陰上		 light rising
阳上 / 陽上		 departing
去声 / 去聲		 dark entering
阴入 / 陰入[upper-alpha 1]		 mid entering
中入[upper-alpha 2]		 light entering
陽入 / 陽入
Description high levellow fallingmid risinglow risingmid levelhigh levelmid levellow level
Example 诗 / 詩 时 / 時 史市 试 / 試 识 / 識 泄食
Tone letter (Chao tone numerals) ˥ (55), ˥˧ (53)[upper-alpha 3] ˨˩ (21)˧˥ (35) ˨˧ (23)[upper-alpha 4] ˧ (33)˥ (55)˧ (33)˨ (22)
  1. Also known as the upper dark entering (上阴入 / 上陰入) tone.[7]
  2. Also known as the lower dark entering (下阴入 / 下陰入) tone.[7]
  3. ˥˧ (53) is more common when read monosyllabically.[7]
  4. Also recorded as ˩˧ (13).[7]

Notes
  1. Song, Yu & Zhuang 1995, p. 5.
  2. Yan 2013.
  3. Wu 2012, p. 127.
  4. Song, Yu & Zhuang 1995, pp. 15–16.
  5. Song, Yu & Zhuang 1995, p. 16.
  6. Song, Yu & Zhuang 1995, p. 20.
  7. Zhan & Cheung 1998, p. 31.

References
  • Song, Changdong; Yu, Weiwen; Zhuang, Yiqun (1995). 云浮方言志 (in Chinese). Guangzhou: Guangdong Higher Education Press. ISBN 7-5361-1669-1.
  • Wu, Wei (2012). B1—18 粤语. 中国语言地图集 [Language Atlas of China] (in Chinese). Vol. 汉语方言卷 (2nd ed.). Beijing: Commercial Press. pp. 125–133. ISBN 978-7-100-07054-6.
  • Yan, Li-ming (2013). 云浮白话的疑问语气助词 [The Interrogative Particles in Yunfu Vernacular]. Journal of Guangdong University of Education (in Chinese). 33 (6): 78–86.
  • Zhan, Bohui; Cheung, Yat-shing, eds. (1998). 粤西十縣市粤方言調查報告 [A Survey of Yue Dialects in West Guangdong] (in Chinese). Guangzhou: Jinan University Press. ISBN 7-81029-725-2.
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