Intangible Cultural Heritage (South Korea)

The Intangible Cultural Heritage (Korean: 무형문화재, Muhyeong Munhwajae) are aspects of intangible culture that the government of South Korea has officially designated for preservation in accordance with the 1962 Cultural Property Protection Law.[1][2] They are proclaimed and maintained by South Korea's Cultural Heritage Administration.

No. 17 Bongsan tal chum (Bongsan mask dance)
Intangible Cultural Heritage
Hangul
무형문화재
Hanja
無形文化財
Revised RomanizationMuhyeong Munhwajae
McCune–ReischauerMuhyŏng Munhwajae

Practices of particular importance can be designated as Important Intangible Cultural Properties (Korean: 중요무형문화재, Jungyo Muhyeong Munhwajae).

The first practice so designated was Jongmyo jeryeak, the ancient music and dance performed at the Jongmyo Royal Ancestral Shrine in Seoul; it was proclaimed on December 7, 1964. The most recent, announced on November 16, 2006, was Important Intangible Cultural Property 119, geumbakjang (gold leaf decoration), practiced in Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do.

A similarly named yet distinct designation, "Intangible Cultural Properties," also exists, with 33 items having been proclaimed.[3] These are proclaimed by provinces or cities rather than by the national Cultural Heritage Administration.

The 1962 Cultural Property Protection Law was modelled on the Japanese 1950 Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, which provides for the designation of Intangible Cultural Properties as well as the holders of these craft and performance traditions, known informally as Living National Treasures.[2] These early initiatives at a national level influenced UNESCO in its approach to intangible cultural heritage, leading to the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.[4] As of April 2012, fourteen Korean Intangible Cultural Properties have been inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.[5][6]

List

Proclaimed 1960–1969
No. 1 Jongmyo jeryeak
No. 5 Pansori
No. 8 Ganggang sullae, folk circle dance of Jeollanam-do
No. 11 Pungmul, farmers' dance and music
No. 12 Jinju geommu performance at Deoksugung.
No. 15 Bukcheong sajanoreum
No. Title Original name Description Location
1 Jongmyo jeryeak 종묘제례악 (宗廟祭禮樂) Jongmyo royal ancestral Confucian memorial ceremony music Seoul
2 Yangju byeolsandae nori 양주별산대놀이 (楊州別山臺놀이) Byeolsandae mask dance-drama of the Yangju region Gyeonggi-do Region
3 Namsadang nori 남사당 덧뵈기 or 놀이(男寺黨놀이) Namsadang vagabond troupe Seoul Region
4 Gannil 갓일 Making gat, horsehair hats Nationwide
5 Pansori 판소리 Song and narration performed by one singer accompanied by one drummer Nationwide
6 Tongyeong ogwangdae 통영오광대 (統營五廣大) Five masked performers' dance drama of Tongyeong Gyeongsangnam-do Region
7 Goseong ogwangdae 고성오광대 (固城五廣大) Five masked performers' dance drama of Goseong Gyeongsangnam-do Region
8 Ganggangsullae 강강수월래 Folk circle dance Jeollanam-do Region
9 Eunsan byeolsinje 은산별신제 (恩山別神祭) Village ritual of Eunsan-ri, Eusan-myeon, Buyeo County Chungcheongnam-do Region
10 Najeonjang 나전장 (螺鈿匠) Mother-of-pearl inlaid lacquerware making Nationwide
11 Nongak 농악 (農樂) Farmers' music Nationwide
11-1 Jinju Samcheonpo pungmul 진주삼천포농악 farmers' music from old Samcheonpo region located in Jinju Gyeongsangnam-do Region
11-2 Pyeongtaek pungmul 평택농악 Farmers' music of the Pyeongtaek region Gyeonggi-do Region
11-3 Iri pungmul 이리농악 Farmer's music of the Iri region Jeollabuk-do Region
11-4 Gangneung pungmul 강릉농악 Farmers' music of Gangneung Gangwon-do Region
11-5 Imsil Pilbong pungmul 임실필봉농악 Farmers' music of Pilbong village, in the Imsil region Jeollabuk-do Region
12 Jinju geommu 진주검무 (晋州劍舞) Sword dance of the Jinju region Gyeongsangnam-do Region
13 Gangneung Danoje 강릉단오제 (江陵端午祭) Dano rite and festival of the Gangneung region Gangwon-do Region
14 Hansan Mosi jjagi 한산모시짜기(韓山모시짜기) Ramie cloth weaving of the Hansan region Chungcheongnam-do Region
15 Bukcheong sajanoreum 북청사자놀음 (北靑獅子놀음) Lion mask play of the Bukcheong region Seoul Region
16 Geomungo sanjo 거문고산조 (거문고散調) Solo performance of geomungo zither Seoul Region
17 Bongsan talchum 봉산탈춤 (鳳山탈춤) Masked dance drama handed down from the Bongsan region, Hwanghae Province Seoul Region
18 Dongnae yaryu 동래야류 (東萊野遊) Masked dance drama of Dongnae Busan Region
19 Seonsorisan taryeong 선소리산타령 (선소리山打令) Folk songs by standing male singers with drum Seoul Region
20 Daegeum jeongak 대금정악 (大금正樂) Daegeum (transverse bamboo flute playing) Seoul Region
21 Seungjeonmu 승전무 (勝戰舞) Literally "victory dance" with purpose of wishing a victory at war Gyeongsangnam-do Region
22 Maedeupjang 매듭장 (매듭匠) Maedeup, decorative knot making Seoul Region
23 Gayageum sanjo mit byeongchang 가야금산조 및 병창 (伽倻琴散調 및 倂唱) solo gayageum zither playing and singing by the same artist Seoul Region
24 Andong Chajeon Nori 안동차전놀이 (安東車戰놀이) Chajeonnori, battle of gentle on shouldered platforms of Andong Gyeongsangbuk-do Region
25 Yeongsan someoridaegi 영산쇠머리대기 (靈山쇠머리대기) Literally "wooden oxen game of Yeongsan-myeon" Gyeongsangnam-do Region
26 Yeongsan juldarigi 영산줄다리기 (靈山줄다리기) Tug-of-war of Yeongsan Gyeongsangnam-do Region
27 Seungmu 승무 (僧舞) Monk's dance Seoul Region
28 Naju uisaetgolnai 나주의샛골나이 (羅州의샛골나이) cotton cloth weaving of Naju Jeollanam-do Region
29 Seodo sori 서도소리 (西道소리) Folk songs of northwest Korea Seoul Region
30 Gagok 가곡(歌曲) Old Korean songs Seoul Region
31 Nakjuk jang 낙죽장 (烙竹匠) Bamboo pyrography Jeollanam-do Region

Proclaimed 1970–1979
No. 46 Piri jeongak mit daechwita
No. 48 Dancheong jang
No. 49 Songpa sandaenori
No. 58 Jultagi
No. 61 Eunyul talchum
No. Title Original name Description Location
32 Gokseongui dolsilnai 곡성의돌실나이 (谷城의돌실나이) Hemp cloth weaving of Gokseong The Wide area of Jeollanam-do
33 Gossaum nori 광주칠석고싸움놀이 Gossaum game The Wide area of Gwangju
34 Gangnyeong talchum 강령탈춤 (康翎탈춤) Mask dance drama of Gangnyeong The Wide area of Seoul
35 Jogak jang 조각장 (彫刻匠) Silver engraving The Wide area of Seoul
38 Joseon wangjo gungjung eumsik 조선왕조궁중음식 (朝鮮王朝宮中飮食) Royal culinary art of the Joseon Dynasty The Wide area of Seoul
39 Cheoyongmu 처용무 (處容舞) Cheoyong shaman dance The Wide area of Seoul
40 Hagyeon hwadae hapseolmu 학연화대합설무 (鶴蓮花臺合設舞) Muhak crane dance The Wide area of Seoul
41 Gasa 가사 (歌詞) Songs The Wide area of Seoul
42 Akgijang 악기장 (樂器匠) Traditional musical instrument making Nationwide
43 Suyeong yaryu 수영야류 (水營野遊) Masked dance drama of Suyeong The Wide area of Busan
44 Hanjanggun nori 한장군놀이 (韓將軍놀이) General Han's dance and memorial ceremony The Wide area of Gyeongsangbuk-do
45 Daegeum sanjo 대금산조 (大금散調) solo performance of the daegeum (bamboo transverse flute) Nationwide
46 Piri jeongak mit Daechwita 피리정악및대취타 (피리정악및大吹打) daechwita royal military march The Wide area of Seoul
47 Gungsijang 궁시장 (弓矢匠) Korean bow and arrow making Nationwide
48 Dancheongjang 단청장 (丹靑匠) crafts or craftsman making dancheong, ornamental painting for buildings. Nationwide
49 Songpa Sandae Noli 송파산대놀이 (松坡山臺놀이) Sandae noli is a mask dance drama of the Songpa region The Wide area of Seoul
50 Yeongsanjae 영산재 (靈山齋) Yeongsanjae is a Buddhist rite The Wide area of Seoul
51 Namdo deullorae 남도들노래 (南道들노래) Farmers' songs of Jeolla-do The Wide area of Jeollanam-do
53 Chaesang jang 채상장 (彩箱匠) Bamboo cases with colored designs The Wide area of Jeollanam-do
55 Somok jang 소목장 (小木匠) Somok, furniture making Nationwide
56 Jongmyo jerye 종묘제례 (宗廟祭禮) Jongmyo royal ancestral memorial ceremony The Wide area of Seoul
57 Gyeonggi minyo 경기민요 (京畿民謠) Folk songs of Gyeonggi-do The Wide area of Seoul
58 Jultagi 줄타기 Tightrope walking The Wide area of Gyeonggi-do
60 Jangdo jang 장도장 (粧刀匠) Making small swords The Wide area of Jeollanam-do
61 Eunyul talchum 은율탈춤 (殷栗탈춤) Masked dance drama of originally Eunyul region, Hwanghae Province The Wide area of Incheon
62 Jwasuyeong eobang nori 좌수영어방놀이 (左水營漁坊놀이) Jwasuyeong fishing village rite and festival for big catch The Wide area of Busan

Proclaimed 1980–1989
No. 69 Hahoe byeolsingut talnori
No. 71 Jeju chilmeoridang gut
No. 74. Daemokjang: wooden house (Donamjang) built by Bae Hee-han
No. 75 Gijisi juldarigi
No. 76 Taekkyeon
No. 86 Hyangtosul damgeugi, making local liquor
No. 91 Jewajang, making earthenware roof tiles
No. 92 Taepyeongmu, a Korean court dance
No. Title Original name Description Location
64 Duseok jang 두석장(豆錫匠) Metal craftsman Nationwide
65 Baekdong yeonjuk jang 백동연죽장(白銅煙竹匠) Nickel smoking-pipe making The Wide area of Jeollabuk-do
66 Manggeonjang 망건장(網巾匠) Making manggeon headband The Wide area of Jeju-do
67 Tanggeonjang 탕건장(宕巾匠) Making Tanggeon hat The Wide area of Jeju-do
68 Miryang baekjung nori 밀양백중놀이(密陽百中놀이) Baekjungnori of Miryang Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do
69 Hahoe byeolsingut talnori 하회별신굿탈놀이(河回別神굿탈놀이) Byeolsin, masked dance drama of Hahoe The Wide area of Gyeongsangbuk-do
70 Yangju sonorigut 양주소놀이굿 Cow play with shaman exorcism of Yangju The Wide area of Gyeonggi-do
71 Jeju chilmeoridang gut 제주칠머리당굿(濟州칠머리당굿) Jeju-do island Chilmeoridang shrine shaman exorcism The Wide area of Jeju-do
72 Jindo ssitgimgut 진도씻김굿(珍島씻김굿) Jindo island Ssitgimgut shaman exorcism The Wide area of Jeollanam-do
73 Gasan ogwangdae 가산오광대(駕山五廣大) Five masked performers' dance drama of the Gasan region The Wide area of Gyeongsangnam-do
74 Daemokjang 대목장(大木匠) Traditional wooden architecture Nationwide
75 Gijisi juldarigi 기지시줄다리기 (機池市줄다리기) Juldarigi means tug-of-war in native Korean, and the nori (game) originated in the Gijisi region, Dangjin, Chungcheongnam-do The Wide area of Chungcheongnam-do
76 Taekkyeon 택견 Taekkyeon martial art The Wide area of Chungcheongbuk-do
77 Yugijang 유기장(鍮器匠) brassware artisans Nationwide
78 Ipsajang 입사장(入絲匠) Silver wire inlaying The Wide area of Seoul
79 Baltal 발탈 Puppet placed on and manipulated by the foot Nationwide
80 Jasujang 자수장(刺繡匠) Embroidery Nationwide
81 Jindo dasiraegi 진도다시래기(珍島다시래기) Dasiraegi play of Jindo island The Wide area of Jeollanam-do
82 Pungeoje 풍어제(豊漁祭) Rite and festivals for big catch of fish Nationwide
82-1 Donghaean byeolsin gut 동해안별신굿 Byeolsingut of the eastern coast The Wide area of [[Busan
82-2 Seohaean baeyeonsin gut mitdaedong gut 서해안배연신굿 및 대동굿 Baeyeonsingut and daedonggut of the western coast The Wide area of Incheon
82-3 Widottibaen nori 위도띠뱃놀이 Ttibaennori of Wido island The Wide area of Jeollabuk-do
82-4 Namhaean byeolsin gut 남해안별신굿 Byeolsingut of the southern coast The Wide area of Gyeongsangnam-do
83 Hyangjejul pungnyu 향제줄풍류(鄕制줄風流) Hyangjejul local music Nationwide
83-1 Guryehyangjejulpungnyu 구례향제줄풍류 Hyangjejul local music of Gurye The Wide area of Jeollanam-do
83-2 Irihyangjejulpungnyu 이리향제줄풍류 Hyangjejul local music of Iri The Wide area of Jeollabuk-do
84 Nongyo 농요(農謠) Farmers' songs Nationwide
84-1 Goseong nongyo 고성농요 Farmers' songs of Goseong The Wide area of Gyeongsangnam-do
84-2 Yecheon Tongmyeong Nongyo 예천통명농요 Farmers' songs of Tongmyeong in Yecheon city The Wide area of Gyeongsangbuk-do
85 Seokjeondaeje 석전대제(釋奠大祭) Ceremony in honor of Confucius The Wide area of Seoul
86 Hyangtosul damgeugi 향토술담그기 Making local liquor Nationwide
86-1 Munbaeju 문배주 Distilled liquor The Wide area of Seoul
86-2 Myeoncheondugyeonju 면천두견주 Azalea petal wine of Myeoncheon The Wide area of Chungcheongnam-do
86-3 Gyeongju Gyodong Beopju 경주교동법주 Glutinous rice wine of Gyo-dong in Gyeongju The Wide area of Gyeongsangbuk-do
87 Myeongju jjagi 명주짜기 Making silk The Wide area of Gyeongsangbuk-do
88 Badijang 바디장 Making reed The Wide area of Chungcheongnam-do
89 Chimseonjang 침선장(針線匠) Sewing traditional clothing The Wide area of Seoul
90 Hwanghaedo Pyeongsan sonoreum gut 황해도평산소놀음굿(黃海道平山소놀음굿) Pyeongsan sonoreumgut shaman rite of Hwanghae-do The Wide area of Incheon
91 Jewajang 제와장(製瓦匠) Making earthenware roof tiles The Wide area of Jeollanam-do
92 Taepyeongmu 태평무(太平舞) Dance of Peace The Wide area of Seoul
93 Jeontong jang 전통장(箭筒匠) Quiver making The Wide area of Gyeongsangbuk-do
95 Jeju minyo 제주민요(濟州民謠) Folk songs of Jeju island, including "Odolttogi," "Sancheonchomok," "Bongjiga," and "Maettolnorae," The Wide area of Jeju-do

Proclaimed 1990–1999
No. 108 Mokjogak jang
No. Title Original name Description Location
96 Onggijang 옹기장(甕器匠) Making onggi, earthenware pottery The Wide area of Jeollanam-do
97 Salpurichum 살풀이춤 Solo dance for spiritual cleansing The Wide area of Seoul
98 Gyeonggi-do dodang gut 경기도도당굿(京畿道都堂굿) Tutelary Rite of Gyeonggi-do]] The Wide area of Gyeonggi-do
99 Sobanjang 소반장(小盤匠) Tray-table carpentry The Wide area of Seoul
100 Okjang 옥장(玉匠) Jade craftsmanship The Wide area of Jeollanam-do
101 Geumsokhwalja jang 금속활자장 Art of movable metal type The Wide area of Chungcheongbuk-do
102 Baecheopjang 배첩장 Mounting The Wide area of Seoul
103 Wanchojang 완초장 Sedge work (making mats, cushions, mattresses, bowls, and baskets from sedge plants) The Wide area of Incheon
104 Seoul Saenam gut 서울새남굿 Shaman rite of Seoul for guiding a departed spirit into the land of bliss The Wide area of Seoul
105 Sagijang 사기장 Art of ceramics The Wide area of Gyeongsangbuk-do
106 Gakjajang 각자장 Calligraphic engraving The Wide area of Seoul
107 Nubijang 누비장 Quilting The Wide area of Gyeongsangnam-do
108 Mokjogakjang 목조각장 Wood sculpture The Wide area of Gyeonggi-do
109 Hwagakjang 화각장 Ox horn inlaying The Wide area of Incheon
110 Yundojang 윤도장 Making geomantic compasses The Wide area of Jeollabuk-do

Proclaimed 2000–2009
No. 118 Buddhist painting and painter
No. Title Original name Description Location
111 Sajik daeje 사직대제 Ceremony for ancestors The Wide area of Seoul
112 Jucheoljang 주철장 Cast iron Seocho-gu, Seoul
113 Chiljang 칠장 Lacquer work Dobong-gu, Seoul
114 Yeomjang 염장 Bamboo blind making Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do
115 Yeomsaekjang 염색장 Dyeing Naju, Jeollanam-do
116 Hwahyejang 화혜장 Making traditional Korean shoes Songpa-gu, Seoul
117 Hanjijang 한지장 Making traditional Korean paper The Wide area of Gyeonggi-do
118 Bulhwajang 불화장 Buddhist painting, designated on January 10, 2006 Nationwide
119 Geumbakjang 금박장 Gold leaf decoration for hanbok, designated on November 16, 2006 Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do
121 Beonwajang 번와장 (翻瓦匠) roof tiles , designated on October 21, 2008[7]

Proclaimed 2010–2019
No. Title Original name Description Location
122 Yeondeunghoe 연등회 Lantern festival on Buddha's Birthday Jongno District, Seoul
123 Beopseongpo Danoje 법성포단오제 Traditional folk festival held annually around Dano in Beopseongpo area in Yeonggwang County Yeonggwang County, South Jeolla Province
124 Gungjung Chaehwa 궁중채화 Royal Silk Flower Making Yangsan City, South Gyeongsang Province
125 Samhwasa Suryukjae 삼화사 수륙재 Buddhist rituals for water and land spirits at Samhwasa Temple in Donghae City Donghae City, Gangwon Province
126 Jingwansa Suryukjae 진관사 수륙재 Buddhist rituals for water and land spirits at Jingwansa Temple in Eunpyeong District Eunpyeong District, Seoul
127 Araennyeok Suryukjae 아랫녘 수륙재 Buddhist rituals for water and land spirits specific to South Gyeongsang Province Changwon, South Gyeongsang Province
128 Seonjajang 선자장 Traditional fan making Jeonju, North Jeolla Province
129 Arirang 아리랑 Traditional folk songs in variety forms Nationwide
130 Jeda 제다 Traditional tea making and drinking Southern part of Korean peninsula
131 Ssireum 씨름 Traditional wrestling game Nationwide
132 Haenyeo 해녀 Women sea divers harvesting fish and such without oxygen tanks Jeju Island
133 Gimjang 김치 담그기 Kimchi making Nationwide
134 Jaeyeom 제염 Salt making using mud flat Nationwide
135 Ondol culture 온돌문화 Traditional heating system Nationwide
136 Nakhwajang 낙화장 Decorating method using iron Boeun County, South Chungcheong Province
137 Jang making 장 담그기 Traditional fermented condiment making using Jangdok such as Gochujang Nationwide
138 Eosal 어살 Traditional fish trap method Nationwide
139 Bulbokjangjak-bup 불복장작법 Rituals before inserting Buddhism-related ornaments in Buddha statues Seoul
140 Sambe Jja-gyi 삼베짜기 Traditional method of making Sambe Andong City, North Gyeongsang Province

Proclaimed 2020–2029
No. Title Original name Description Location
141 Sagyeongjang 사경장 Traditional method of making Buddhist scriptures using gold pigmented ink Seodaemun District, Seoul
142 Hwalssogyi 활쏘기 Traditional method of making bows and arrows and shooting arrows as well as a set of rules and mindset required to do so Nationwide
143 Insam harvesting and culture 인삼재배와 인삼문화 Traditional method of raising Ginseng (Insam in Korean) and its usage in medicine, food and culture Nationwide

See also

References
  1. "The Act for Cultural Property Preservation" (PDF). UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  2. Yang Jongsung (2003). Cultural Protection Policy in Korea: Intangible Cultural Properties and Living National Treasures. Jimoondang International. ISBN 1931897050.
  3. ::: Cultural Heritage, the source for Koreans' Strength and Dream :::
  4. Deacon, Harriet (et al.) (2004). The Subtle Power of Intangible Heritage: Legal and Financial Instruments for Safeguarding Intangible Heritage (PDF). Human Sciences Research Council. p. 21. ISBN 0796920745. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-12. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
  5. "Intangible Heritage Lists". UNESCO. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  6. "UNESCO World Heritage – Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity". Cultural Heritage Administration. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  7. 국가무형문화재 제121호: 번와장 (翻瓦匠) (in Korean). Cultural Heritage Administration (of Korea). 2008-10-21.
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