Winford Lee Lewis

Winford Lee Lewis (May 29, 1878 – January 20, 1943)[1] was a US soldier and chemist best known for his rediscovery of the chemical warfare agent lewisite in 1917. He was born in Gridley, California and died in his home in Evanston, Illinois in 1943 following a fall.[2]

Winford Lee Lewis
Born(1878-05-29)May 29, 1878
Gridley, California, USA[1]
DiedJanuary 20, 1943(1943-01-20) (aged 64)
Evanston, Illinois, USA[2]
NationalityAmerican
Known forRediscovery of lewisite
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry

Biography
Lewisite educational poster produced during World War II

Winford Lee Lewis was born at home to George M Lewis and Sarah A Lewis on May 29, 1878, in Gridley, California. He was the youngest of seven children: he had six brothers and one sister.[3] In 1908 he and his wife Myrlilla C Lewis had a daughter Miriam Lewis.[4] He attended Stanford University and graduated in 1902.[5] In 1909, he graduated with a degree in chemistry from the University of Chicago. He became a chemistry professor at Northwestern University until the outbreak of World War I. During the war, he served in the United States Chemical Warfare Service.[5] It was during his service with the Chemical Warfare Service that he rediscovered Lewisite and assisted in its weaponization and mass production.[6] After the war, Lewis gave several high profile speeches in the defense of the Chemical Warfare Service and the use of chemical weapons in warfare.[7]

Publications
  • On the action of Fehling's solution on malt sugar (1909)[8]
  • Prices of drugs and pharmaceuticals (1919)[9]
  • Meat through the microscope: applications of chemistry and the biological sciences to some problems of the meat packing industry (1940) [10]

Patents
  • US patent 2147261, "Producing stable color in meats", published 1939-02-14

See also

References
  1. Shearer, Benjamin F. (2007). Home Front Heroes, Volume 2: A Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 522. ISBN 9780313334221.
  2. "Army & Navy - Death of an Inventor". Time. February 1, 1943. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  3. "United States Census, 1880," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6GP-B1P  : 26 August 2017), Winford Lee Lewis in household of George M Lewis, Hamilton, Butte, California, United States; citing enumeration district ED 10, sheet 300D, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 0063; FHL microfilm 1,254,063.
  4. "United States Census, 1910," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MKHL-JB6  : accessed 25 January 2018), Winford L Lewis, Evanston Ward 7, Cook, Illinois, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 109, sheet 4B, family 82, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1982), roll 240; FHL microfilm 1,374,253.
  5. Vilensky, Joel A. (September–October 2005). "The WMD That Wasn't. A new book reveals an alum's deadly invention-and a surprising upside". Stanford Magazine. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  6. Vilensky, Joel A. (2005). Dew of death : the story of lewisite, America's World War I weapon of mass destruction. Sinish, Pandy R. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 21, 23. ISBN 0253346126. OCLC 71317018.
  7. Vilensky, Joel A. (2005). Dew of death : the story of lewisite, America's World War I weapon of mass destruction. Sinish, Pandy R. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 60, 61. ISBN 0253346126. OCLC 71317018.
  8. Lewis, Winford Lee (1909). On the action of Fehling's solution on malt sugar ... Easton, Pa. hdl:2027/mdp.39015077096967.
  9. Lewis, W. Lee (1919). Prices of drugs and pharmaceuticals /. Washington. hdl:2027/umn.31951d03592756l.
  10. Moulton, C. Robert (1940). Meat through the microscope;applications of chemistry and the biological sciences to some problems of the meat packing industry. Chicago, Ill. hdl:2027/uc1.b3721236.


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