Whulshootseed dialect

Whulshootseed (xʷəlšuʔcid), also called Twulshootseed, was a Native American language in Washington, which was spoken by the Muckleshoot, Puyallup, Suquamish, Duwamish, Nisqually, and Squaxin Island tribes. Whulshootseed is a southern dialect of Lushootseed, which is part of the Coast Salish language group.[2] The last native speaker was Ellen Williams (1923-2016).[3][4][5]

Whulshootseed
Twulshootseed, Southern Lushootseed
xʷəlšuʔcid
Native toUnited States
RegionWashington
Extinct4 January 2016, with the death of Ellen Williams[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3slh
Glottologsout2965

Whulshootseed was taught at the Muckleshoot Language Program of the Muckleshoot Tribal College in Auburn, Washington, at a local school, and by the Puyallup Tribal Language Program.[6][7][8] A 1999 video, Muckleshoot: a People and Their Language profiles the Muckleshoot Whulshootseed Language Preservation Project.[9]

See also

References
  1. Whulshootseed at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) closed access
  2. Holly Taylor (2010-05-06). "Preserving the Lushootseed language for the next generation". Crosscut.com, News of the Great Nearby. Seattle, WA. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
  3. Erik Lacitis (2005-02-08). "Last few Whulshootseed speakers spread the word". Seattle Times Newspaper. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
  4. Lois Sweet Dorman (2005-06-21). "Lost in translation: a connection to the sacred". Seattle Times. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
  5. Johansen, Bruce E (2015). "Chapter 10, Muckleshoot language revival". Up from the ashes : nation building at Muckleshoot (First ed.). Seattle, WA: Seattle Publishing. pp. 244–251. ISBN 9780985776411.
  6. "Muckleshoot Language Program". Muckleshoot Tribal College. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
  7. Mary Ann Zehr (2010-07-14). "NCLB Seen Impeding Indigenous-Language Preservation". Education Week. Retrieved 2012-09-15.
  8. "Puyallup Tribal Language Program". Puyallup Tribe of Indians. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
  9. Scott Ross (Director) (1999). Muckleshoot: a People and Their Language. Archived from the original on 2013-01-04. Retrieved 2012-12-03.


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