Ofwat

The Water Services Regulation Authority, or Ofwat, is the body responsible for economic regulation of the privatised water and sewerage industry in England and Wales. Ofwat's main statutory duties include protecting the interests of consumers, securing the long-term resilience of water supply and wastewater systems, and ensuring that companies carry out their functions and are able to finance them.[2]

Water Services Regulation Authority
Awdurdod Rheoleiddio Gwasanaethau Dŵr
Agency overview
Formed1 April 1989 (1989-04-01)
Preceding
  • Office of Water Services
TypeNon-ministerial government department
JurisdictionEngland and Wales
HeadquartersCentre City Tower, 7 Hill Street, Birmingham, B5 4UA
Employees226
Annual budget£19.1 million (2011-2012) [1]
Agency executive
  • David Black, Chief Executive
Parent departmentDepartment for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Websitewww.ofwat.gov.uk

Ofwat primarily sets limits on the prices charged for water and sewerage services, taking into account proposed capital investment schemes (such as building new wastewater treatment works) and expected operational efficiency gains. The most recent review was carried out in 2019; reviews are carried out every five years, with the next due to take place in December 2024.[3]

The Water Act 2014 extended retail competition to all non-household customers of English water companies from April 2017 and provided for possible future competition in wholesale markets.[2] Ofwat's role includes regulating such water and wastewater markets and promoting effective competition wherever appropriate.[4]

Ofwat consists of a board, plus an office of staff which carries out work delegated to them by the board.

The Environment Agency is responsible for environmental regulation, and the Drinking Water Inspectorate for regulating drinking water quality. Water in Northern Ireland is regulated by the Northern Ireland Authority for Utility Regulation, and the supply and treatment is carried out by the government-owned Northern Ireland Water. There is no separate charge for water for residents or companies in Northern Ireland. Instead, water is paid for by the rates system. The water industry regulator in Scotland is the Water Industry Commission for Scotland.

History

Ofwat was set up in 1988, at the same time as 10 water authorities in England and Wales were privatised by flotation on the stock market. Its duties and powers are defined by the Water Industry Act 1991. The resulting companies are known as "water and sewerage companies"; this distinguishes them from around a dozen smaller companies which only provide water services, which were already in private hands in 1989 (having remained in private ownership since their creation in the 19th century). The water-only companies provide water to around 25% of the population in England and Wales.

Before 1 April 2006, all regulatory powers rested with the Director General of Water Services. The staff who supported the role of the Director General were collectively known as the "Office of Water Services", which was abbreviated to "Ofwat". Ian Byatt was the Director General between 1989 and 2000; Philip Fletcher was Director General until 2006 and chairman until 2012. On 1 April 2006, the Director General was replaced by the Water Services Regulation Authority.[5] The name "Office of Water Services" is no longer used, as it had no legal basis.

Key people

The current chairman is Jonson Cox,[6] who took up his position in November 2012. The current interim chief executive (effective April 2021) is David Black,[7] replacing Rachel Fletcher who was chief executive from January 2018.[8] Iain Coucher will succeed Cox as chairman in July 2022.[9]

Price reviews

Every five years, Ofwat set limits on the prices which water companies in England and Wales can charge to their customers; this process is known as a price review or periodic review.[2] Ofwat has carried out six price reviews so far – in 1994 (PR94), 1999 (PR99), 2004 (PR04), 2009 (PR09), 2014 (PR14) and 2019 (PR19). The most recent, PR19, set price limits for 2020–2025. Ofwat sets a so-called "K factor" in companies' licences which determine the average value of price rises above the rate of inflation (RPI) for the next five year asset management plan period.[10]

See also

References
  1. Ofwat Annual Report and Accounts 2011-2012 (PDF), Water Services Regulation Authority, 19 July 2012, retrieved 9 July 2013
  2. The economic regulation of the water sector (PDF) (Report). London: National Audit Office (UK). 8 October 2015. HC487.
  3. "Price reviews". London: Ofwat. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  4. "Our duties". London: Ofwat (Water Services Regulation Authority). Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  5. s36 Water Act 2003 coming into force 01/04/06. (s36(1)-(2) in force at 1.4.2006 by S.I. 2005/2714, art. 4(c); s36(3)-(6) in force at 1.4.2005 by S.I. 2005/968, art. 2(e))
  6. "Who we are". Ofwat. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  7. "PN 03/21: Ofwat announces new interim Chief Executive". Ofwat. 2 February 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  8. Mavrokefalidis, Dimitris (2 February 2021). "Ofwat CEO Rachel Fletcher joins Octopus Energy". Energy Live News. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  9. Former Network Rail boss Iain Coucher appointed to lead water regular Ofwat New Civil Engineer 13 May 2022
  10. Hassan, John (1998). A History of Water in modern England and Wales (Report). Manchester University Press. p. 176.

52.4763°N 1.8986°W / 52.4763; -1.8986

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