Warsh recitation

This qirāʾah or recitation of the Quran (literally "reading") is conducted according to the rules of tajwid,[2] in accordance with the ahruf.[3]

This method is attributed to Warsh, who himself obtained it from his teacher Nafiʽ al-Madani, who was one of the seven readers who transmitted the Ten Readings.[4]

The recitation of Warsh is one of the two major traditions of qirāʾāt.[5]

This recitation relates to Imam Warsh (716-813 CE), whose real name is Uthman Ibn Sa‘id al-Qutbi and was born in Egypt.[6]

His nickname Warsh (Arabic: وَرْش), a milk substance, came from his teacher Nafiʽ al-Madani due to his fair complexion.[7]

He studied his recitation according to Naafiʽ in Medina.[8]

After completing his studies, he returned to Egypt where he became the senior Qāriʾ of the Quran.[9]

In the tenth century, the Muslim scholar Abu Bakr Ibn Mujāhid canonized the seven readings of the Quran, including Warsh ʽan Naafiʽ.[10]

Although having emerged in Egypt, the recitation of Warsh ʽan Naafiʽ has become widespread in North Africa.[11]

In medieval times, it was the main Quranic recitation in Al-Andalus.[12]

The transmission of Warsh ʽan Naafiʽ represents the reciting tradition of Medina.[13]

It is, alongside the Hafs recitation tradition which represents the recitation tradition of Kufa, one of the two main oral transmissions of the Quran in the Muslim world.[14]

• Hizb Rateb
• Salka (Sufism)
• Ijazah