Wanhua District

Wanhua District, known in Taiwanese Hokkien as Báng-kah khu and historically as "Monga" or "Monka", is a district in Taipei, Taiwan. It is Taipei's oldest district. The district is home to historic buildings such as the Bangka Lungshan Temple, an iconic historic temple, and the Red House Theater, the first and largest teahouse and playhouse in Taiwan. Taipei's oldest, but decaying, garment district is also here.

"Wanhua" redirects here. For other uses, see Wanhua (disambiguation).
Wanhua
萬華區
District
Wanhua District
Ximending (Hsimenting) (西門町)
Ximending (Hsimenting) (西門町)
Wanhua District in Taipei City
Wanhua District in Taipei City
CountryRepublic of China (Taiwan)
RegionWestern Taipei
Divisions
List
  • 36 villages
  • 720 neighborhoods
Area
 • Total8.8522 km2 (3.4179 sq mi)
 • RankRanked 10th of 12
Population
 (January 2023)
 • Total173,209[1]
 • RankRanked 9th of 12
Postal code
108
Websitewhdo.gov.taipei (in Chinese)
Wanhua District
Traditional Chinese萬華區
Bangka / Monga (native name)
Chinese艋舺

Overview

As Wanhua District was the first district in Taipei to undergo economic development, it is home to numerous old buildings and cultural sites. The large number of temples in this area is attributed to its prosperous past originating from the Qing era. The district can be divided into three sections: northern, central, and southern.[2] The northern area, including Ximending, has become home to many shopping centers and is popular among the younger generation. Central Wanhua is known for its historical sites like Lungshan Temple, Qingshui Temple, Qingshan Temple and Bopiliao Historic Street; traditional shopping; and local snacks. Southern Wanhua is mainly a residential area with a wide city park, also known as the Youth Park.

Wanhua District is divided up into 36 villages (里) and 722 neighborhoods (鄰). In recent years, the population in the district has been in decline. It also has a higher concentration of mainlanders. Nevertheless, this district continues to be treasured by many as it is representative of some of Taipei's richest historical cultures. An example would be the annual temple rituals held at Qingshan Temple, also known as the Qing Shan King Sacrificial Ceremony. This is a grand religious fiesta and celebration that involves procession within Wanhua District for three consecutive nights.

Etymology

Wanhua is the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation of Banka (Japanese: 萬華), a name coined by the Japanese because of its phonetic resemblance to the area's former name in Taiwanese Hokkien (Chinese: 艋舺; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Báng-kah).[3] Spellings used in English works circa 1900 include Banka, Manka[4] and Bang-kah.[5] The old Taiwanese Hokkien name possibly derives from an Austronesian word from one of the northern Formosan languages as bangka meaning "outrigger canoe". This is also attributed to the location of Wanhua, which is beside the Tamsui River and was once a prosperous trading port.

History

Qing Dynasty

In the late Qing era, Hobe (modern-day Tamsui District) was the treaty port of northern Taiwan, whereas the trade was conducted at Bangka. Therefore, in 1862, the British Consulate succeeded in extending the limits of the port up the Tamsui River to include Banka, which was more than 10 miles (16 km) from the port.[6] Bangka was the largest and most important city of northern Formosa, thoroughly Chinese, and, in the initial experience of missionary George Leslie Mackay, intensely anti-foreign.[7]

Empire of Japan

In the early 20th century, with a population of about 27,000, Banka was Taiwan's third most populous city, following the nearby suburb of Daitōtei.[8] Both cities were part of the Taihoku (Taipei) capital area but outside of the city proper, which was occupied mainly by the Japanese official class.[9]

Republic of China

After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in 1945, the area where Wanhua District covers now used to consist of Longshang District (龍山區) and Shuangyuan District (雙園區). In 1990, the two districts merged and formed Wanhua District.

Tourism and shopping

Near the famous Lungshan Temple is the Snake Alley Night Market. The market once served snake and turtle delicacies, but changed its focus to seafood upon protest from animal and environmental groups. The area is also the site of Taipei's former red-light district. Prostitution was outlawed in the 1990s although prostitutes can still be readily found. Today, the night markets are famous among both tourists and locals alike as they present a wide array of local delicacies at affordable prices.

Ximending, another main attraction of Wanhua, serves as a trendy shopping center and as Taipei's main movie theater district.

Night markets, a staple of Taiwanese culture, are everywhere. Night markets in the district include the Huaxi Street Tourist Night Market, Xichang Street Night Market, Guangzhou Street Night Market, Wuzhou Street Night Market, and Nanjichang Night Market.[2] In addition, the district has many specialized streets that specialize in different items such as herbs, jewelry, hardware, and home furnishings.

The district is also home to the Huannan Market, Taipei First Wholesale Fruit and Vegetable Market, Taipei First Poultry Wholesale Market, and Taipei Fishery Wholesale Market.[2] It can be said to be Taipei's center for fresh fruits, vegetables, and meats.

Other tourist attractions including Heritage and Culture Education Center of Taipei City, Qingyunge Art, Wanhua Lin's Mansion and Ximending Mazu Temple.

Education

Medical Institutions

High schools
  • Huajiang Senior High School
  • Dali Senior High School
  • Liren Private High School

Junior high schools
  • Wanhua Junior High School
  • Shuangyuan Junior High School
  • Longshan Junior High School
  • Dali Junior High School
  • Liren Private Junior High School

Elementary schools
  • Xinhe Elementary School
  • Shuangyuan Elementary School
  • Dongyuan Elementary School
  • Dali Elementary School
  • Xiyuan Elementary School
  • Wanda Elementary School
  • Huajiang Elementary School
  • Ximen Elementary School
  • Laosong Elementary School
  • Longshan Elementary School
  • Fuxing Elementary School
  • Guangren Elementary School

Other schools
  • Taipei Korean Elementary School (타이뻬이한국학교)[10]
  • Wanhua Community College

Transportation

Wanhua is served by Longshan Temple and Ximen metro stations of the Taipei Metro. The Taiwan Railways Administration's Western Line has one station in the district, Wanhua Station.

Important roads, highways, and bridges include:

  • Provincial Highway 1 (台一線)：Zhongxiao Bridge, Zhongxiao Road West (忠孝橋、忠孝西路)
  • Provincial Highway 3 (台三線)：Huajiang Bridge, Heping W. Rd, Zhonghua Road (華江橋、和平西路、中華路)
  • Zhongxing Bridge (中興橋)
  • Wanban Bridge (萬板橋)
  • Huacui Bridge (華翠大橋)
  • Guangfu Bridge (光復橋)
  • Huazhong Bridge (華中橋)

Notable natives

Movies filmed in Wanhua

See also

References
  1. "103年01月各里人口數戶數統計表" (PDF). 萬華區戶政事務所. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
  2. "About Wanhua District". Taipei City Government. 2010-01-29. Retrieved 2010-07-18.
  3. Mair, V. H. (2010). "How to Forget Your Mother Tongue and Remember Your National Language".
  4. Davidson, James W. (1903). The Island of Formosa, Past and Present. London and New York: Macmillan. Index p.3. OCLC 1887893. OL 6931635M. Banka (Manka)
  5. Mackay, George L. (1896). From Far Formosa: the island, its people and missions. New York: F. H. Revell. p. 341. OL 17959135M.
  6. Davidson (1903), p. 175-6.
  7. Mackay (1896), p. 164.
  8. Takekoshi, Yosaburō (1907). "Chapter XIII: Population and future development of the island resources". Japanese rule in Formosa. London: Longmans, Green, and co. p. 200. OCLC 753129. OL 6986981M.
  9. Chamberlain, B.; Mason, W.B. (1903). A Handbook for Travellers in Japan (7th ed.). London: J. Murray. p. 550. OL 25302448M.
  10. Home. Taipei Korean Elementary School. March 14, 2008. Retrieved on September 21, 2015.
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