Vasculogenic mimicry

Vasculogenic mimicry is the formation of microvascular channels by aggressive, metastatic and genetically deregulated tumour cells.[1][2][3] This process differs from angiogenesis in that it occurs de novo without the presence of endothelial cells (tumour cells line tumour vessels effectively mimicking a true vascular endothelium).[3] It was first described in uveal melanomas by Maniotis et al. in 1999.[4] Later also in many other tumor types.[5] [6] There are two main types of vasculogenic mimicry: tubular and patterned. The former is morphologically similar to normal blood vessels, whereas the latter is visibly different although capable of undergoing anastomosis with blood vessels. Mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in the process of vasculogenic mimicry have been described. [7]

The microvasculature generated through vasculogenic mimicry contains a basement membrane that stains positive with periodic acid–Schiff stain.[1]

History

After its discovery in 1999 a controversy arose in the field regarding the validity of the findings and conclusions of Maniotis and colleagues.[8] Nonetheless, their findings have been further supported by several research groups, becoming the focus of much interest due to its potential role as a therapeutic target and indicator of metastasis.[9]

See also

References
  1. Folberg, R; Hendrix, MJ; Maniotis, AJ (February 2000). "Vasculogenic mimicry and tumor angiogenesis". The American Journal of Pathology. 156 (2): 361–81. doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64739-6. PMC 1850026. PMID 10666364.
  2. Folberg, R; Maniotis, AJ (July–August 2004). "Vasculogenic mimicry". APMIS. 112 (7–8): 508–25. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0463.2004.apm11207-0810.x. PMID 15563313. S2CID 84526027.
  3. Milosevic, Vladan; Edelmann, Reidunn J.; Fosse, Johanna Hol; Östman, Arne; Akslen, Lars A. (2022), Akslen, Lars A.; Watnick, Randolph S. (eds.), "Molecular Phenotypes of Endothelial Cells in Malignant Tumors", Biomarkers of the Tumor Microenvironment, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 31–52, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98950-7_3, ISBN 978-3-030-98950-7, retrieved 2022-07-13
  4. Maniotis, AJ; Folberg, R; Hess, A; Seftor, EA; Gardner, LM; Pe'er, J; Trent, JM; Meltzer, PS; Hendrix, MJ (September 1999). "Vascular channel formation by human melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro: vasculogenic mimicry". The American Journal of Pathology. 155 (3): 739–52. doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65173-5. PMC 1866899. PMID 10487832.
  5. Van der Schaft, D.W.J., Hillen, F., Pauwels, P., Kirschmann, D.A., Castermans, K., Oude Egbrink, M.G.A, Tran, M.G.B., Sciot, R., Hauben, E., Hogendoorn, P.C.W., Delattre, O., Maxwell, P.H., Hendrix, M.J.C., Griffioen, A.W. Effects of angiogenesis inhibitors on vascular network formation by human endothelial and melanoma cells. Cancer Res. 2003, 96:1473-7. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2468
  6. Hillen, F. & Griffioen, A.W. Tumour vascularization: sprouting angiogenesis and beyond. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007, 26:489-502. doi: 10.1007/s10555-007-9094-7
  7. Paulis, Y.W.J., Soetekouw, P.M.M.B., Verheul H.M.W., Tjan-Heijnen, V.C.G., Griffioen, A.W. Signalling pathways in vasculogenic mimicry. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 2010, 1806:18-28. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.01.001
  8. Fausto, Nelson (February 2000). "Vasculogenic Mimicry in Tumors". The American Journal of Pathology. 156 (2): 359. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64738-4. PMC 1850025. PMID 10666363.
  9. Seftor, RE; Hess, AR; Seftor, EA; Kirschmann, DA; Hardy, KM; Margaryan, NV; Hendrix, MJ (October 2012). "Tumor cell vasculogenic mimicry: from controversy to therapeutic promise". The American Journal of Pathology. 181 (4): 1115–25. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.07.013. PMC 4851740. PMID 22944600.

Further reading
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