Ubangi River

The Ubangi River (/(j)uːˈbæŋɡi/), also spelled Oubangui, (French: Fleuve Oubangui) is the largest right-bank tributary of the Congo River in the region of Central Africa. It begins at the confluence of the Mbomou (mean annual discharge 1,350 m3/s) and Uele Rivers (mean annual discharge 1,550 m3/s) and flows west, forming the border between Central African Republic (CAR) and Democratic Republic of the Congo. Subsequently, the Ubangi bends to the southwest and passes through Bangui, the capital of the CAR, after which it flows south – forming the border between Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of the Congo. The Ubangi finally joins the Congo River at Liranga.

Ubangi River
Ubangi River at the outskirts of Bangui
Map showing the Ubangi River drainage basin
Physical characteristics
MouthCongo River
Length1,060 kilometres (660 mi)
Basin size651,915 km2 (251,706 sq mi)[1]
Discharge 
 • locationBangui
 • average4,000 m3/s (140,000 cu ft/s)[2]
 • minimum800 m3/s (28,000 cu ft/s)[2]
 • maximum11,000 m3/s (390,000 cu ft/s)[2]
Discharge 
 • locationMouth
 • average5,936 m3/s (209,600 cu ft/s)[3]
Basin features
River systemCongo River
Tributaries 
 • leftUele, Lua, Giri
 • rightMbomou, Kotto, Ouaka, Mpoko, Lobaye

The Ubangi's length is about 1,060 kilometres (660 mi). Its total length with the Uele, its longest tributary, is 2,270 kilometres (1,410 mi). The Ubangi's drainage basin is about 651,915 square kilometres (251,706 sq mi). Mean annual discharge at mouth 5,936 m3/s. Its discharge at Bangui ranges from about 800 cubic metres per second (28,000 cu ft/s) to 11,000 cubic metres per second (390,000 cu ft/s), with an average flow of about 4,000 cubic metres per second (140,000 cu ft/s).[2] It is believed that the Ubangi's upper reaches originally flowed into the Chari River and Lake Chad before being captured by the Congo in the early Pleistocene.[4]

Together with the Congo River, it provides an important transport artery for river boats between Bangui and Brazzaville. From its source to 100 kilometres (62 mi) below Bangui, the Ubangi defines the boundary between the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Thereafter, it forms the boundary between the DRC and the Republic of Congo until it empties into the Congo River.

Transaqua scheme (in red)

Lake Chad replenishment project
Main article: Lake Chad replenishment project

In the 1960s,[5][6] a plan was proposed to divert waters from the Ubangi to the Chari River. According to the plan, named Transaqua, the water from the Ubangi would revitalize Lake Chad and provide a livelihood in fishing and enhanced agriculture to tens of millions of central Africans and Sahelians. Inter-basin water transfer schemes were proposed in the 1980s and 1990s by Nigerian engineer J. Umolu and the Italian firm Bonifica.[7][8][9][10][11]

In 1994, the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) proposed a similar project, and at a March 2008 summit the heads of state of the LCBC member countries committed to the diversion project.[12] In April 2008, the LCBC advertised a request for proposals for a feasibility study.

References
  1. Becker, M.; Papa, F.; Frappart, F.; Alsdorf, D.; Calmant, S.; Da Silva, J. Santos; Prigent, C.; Seyler, F. (2018). "Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 66: 196–209. Bibcode:2018IJAEO..66..196B. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015. S2CID 6873734.
  2. Bossche, J.P. vanden; G. M. Bernacsek (1990). Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p. 338. ISBN 978-92-5-102983-1.
  3. Becker, M.; Papa, F.; Frappart, F.; Alsdorf, D.; Calmant, S.; Da Silva, J. Santos; Prigent, C.; Seyler, F. (2018). "Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 66: 196–209. Bibcode:2018IJAEO..66..196B. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015. S2CID 6873734.
  4. See Cooper, John E. and Hull, Gordon; Gorilla Pathology and Health: With a Catalogue of Preserved Materials, p. 371 ISBN 9780128020395
  5. Ley, Willy (1960). Engineers' Dreams Great Projects That COULD Come True. Viking Press.
  6. Zarembka, David (24 June 2019). "Refilling Lake Chad With Water From The Congo River Using Solar Power". Cleantechnica. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  7. "Journal of Environmental Hydrology, Vol. 7, 1999" (PDF).
  8. Fred Pearce. "Africa at a watershed". Archived from the original on 2009-03-31.
  9. Umolu, J. C.; 1990, Macro Perspectives for Nigeria’s Water Resources Planning, Proc. of the First Biennial National Hydrology Symposium, Maiduguri, Nigeria, pp. 218–262 (discussion of Ubangi-Lake Chad diversion schemes)
  10. The Changing Geography of Africa and the Middle East By Graham Chapman, Kathleen M. Baker, University of London School of Oriental and African Studies, 1992 Routledge. ISBN 0-415-05709-4
  11. "Combating Climate Induced Water And Energy Deficiencies In West Central Africa (Ubangi - Lake Chad Inter-basin transfer)". Archived from the original on 2011-05-26.
  12. "Voice of America News, March 28, 2008 African Leaders Team Up to Rescue Lake Chad".

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