Tuchengzi Formation

The Tuchengzi Formation (formerly known as Tucheng Conglomerate, from Chinese: 土城子; pinyin: Tǔchéngzǐ) is a geological formation in China whose strata span the Tithonian (Late Jurassic) to Berriasian (Early Cretaceous) ages.[1] Dinosaur fossils, particularly footprints, have been found from the formation.[3][4]

Tuchengzi Formation
Stratigraphic range: Tithonian-Berriasian
~[1]
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesZhangjiakou Formation
OverliesTiaojishan Formation
Thickness870–2,900 metres (2,850–9,510 ft)[2]
Lithology
PrimaryShale
OtherSandstone, mudstone
Location
Coordinates42.9°N 124.0°E / 42.9; 124.0
Approximate paleocoordinates44.1°N 126.1°E / 44.1; 126.1
RegionBeijing, Hebei, Liaoning
Country China
Type section
Named forTuchengzi, Beipiao, Liaoning
Named byChao-Chi Lin
Year defined1942
Tuchengzi Formation is located in China
Tuchengzi Formation
Tuchengzi Formation (China)
Tuchengzi Formation is located in Liaoning
Tuchengzi Formation
Tuchengzi Formation (Liaoning)

Fossil content
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
 Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

The Tuchengzi Formation was deposited during a time of transition between the Daohugou Biota and the Jehol biota. The Tuchengzi represents a poorer, more arid climate that appears to have caused much of the Daohugou fauna to become extinct. They would later be replaced by the Jehol biota when conditions became more favorable to a diversity of terrestrial animal life.[1]

Reptiles

Indeterminate sauropod remains formerly attributed to the Mamenchisauridae and Brachiosauridae have been found in Liaoning, China.[3] Theropod tracks, including those made by avialans, have been found in Liaoning, China.[3]

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Image
Orientognathus O. chaoyangensis Chaoyang, Liaoning.[5] "An incomplete skeleton (41HIII-0418)".[5] A rhamphorhynchid pterosaur.
Chaoyangsaurus C. youngi Liaoning.[6] "Partial skull with mandible, cervicals, humerus, and scapula."[7] A basal ceratopsian.

Grallator

Grallator isp.

Hebei

Footprints belonging to the Grallator form taxon, made by an unknown small theropod.[8]

Menglongipus

M. sinensis

Hebei

Footprints belonging to the Menglongipus sinensis form taxon, made by an unknown small (~65 cm long) deinonychosaur[8]

Plants
GenusSpeciesCounty Member AbundanceNotesImages
Brachyoxylon B. yanqingense Yanqing District, Beijing.[9] Fossil wood.[9]
Xenoxylon X. latiporosum Yanqing District, Beijing.[10] Fossil wood.[10]
X. peidense Yanqing District, Beijing.[10] Fossil wood.[10]

See also

References
  1. Liu Y.-Q. Kuang H.-W., Jiang X.-J., Peng N., Xu H. & Sun H.-Y. (2012). "Timing of the earliest known feathered dinosaurs and transitional pterosaurs older than the Jehol Biota." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (advance online publication).
  2. Wang, Y.; Ken, S.; Zhang, W.; Zheng, S. (2006). "Biodiversity and palaeoclimate of the Middle Jurassic floras from the Tiaojishan Formation in western Liaoning, China". Progress in Natural Science. 16 (1): 222–230. doi:10.1080/10020070612330087.
  3. Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Jurassic, Asia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 550–552. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  4. Xing, Lida; Lockley, Martin G.; Du, Tianming; Zhang, Lijun; Klein, Hendrik; Romilio, Anthony; Persons, W. Scott; Wang, Kuan; Li, Zhenyu; Wan, Xiaoqiao (March 2020). "Dinosaur tracks from the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary Tuchengzi Formation (Hebei Province, China) used as building stones in the Chengde imperial summer resort: Age, ichnology, and history". Cretaceous Research. 107: 104310. Bibcode:2020CrRes.10704310X. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104310. S2CID 210266977.
  5. Lü, Junchang; Pu, Hanyong; Xu, Li; Wei, Xuefang (January 2015). "A new rhamphorhynchid pterosaur (Pterosauria) from Jurassic deposits of Liaoning Province, China". Zootaxa. 3911 (1): 119–29. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3911.1.7. PMID 25661600.
  6. Xijin, Zhao; Zhengwu, Cheng; Xing, Xu (1999-12-13). "The earliest ceratopsian from the Tuchengzi Formation of Liaoning, China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (4): 681–691. Bibcode:1999JVPal..19..681X. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011181. ISSN 0272-4634.
  7. "Table 22.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 480.
  8. Xing, L.; Harris, J.D.; Sun, D.; Zhao, H. (2010). "The earliest known deinonychosaur tracks from the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in Hebei Province, China". Acta Palaeontologica Sinica. 48 (4): 662–671.
  9. Cheng, Suzhen; Xu, Shangzhi; Li, Fangyu; Tian, Ning (2022-10-06). "Occurrence of Brachyoxylon wood from the Upper Jurassic of Beijing, northern China". Historical Biology: 1–9. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2127355. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 252792439.
  10. Li, Nan; Zhang, Jianping; Xing, Lida; Tian, Ning; Sui, Juxin (2021-09-02). "New records of Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary Tuchengzi Formation petrified wood from Yanqing, Beijing, China: palaeoclimatic implications". Historical Biology. 33 (9): 1686–1696. doi:10.1080/08912963.2020.1726909. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 212883753.
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