Trophozoite

Trophozoites

A trophozoite (G. trope, nourishment + zoon, animal) is the activated, feeding, and motile stage in the life cycle of certain protozoans, which are single-celled such as malaria-causing Plasmodium falciparum and those of the Giardia group.[1] (The complement of the trophozoite state is the thick-walled cyst form.) They are often different from the cyst stage, which is a protective, dormant form of the protozoa. Trophozoites are often found in the host's body fluids and tissues and in many cases, they are the form of the protozoan that causes disease in the host. [2] (The complement of the trophozoite state is the thick-walled cyst form.) In the protozoan, Entamoeba histolytica it invades the intestinal mucosa of its host, causing dysentery, which aid in the trophozoites traveling to the liver and leading to the production of hepatic abscesses. [3]

Life cycle stages

In Balantidium

Life cycle of Balantidium coli

Trophozoite and cyst stages are shown in the life cycle of Balantidium coli the causative agent of balantidiasis.

In the apicomplexan life cycle the trophozoite undergoes schizogony ( a type of asexual reproduction) and develops into a schizont which contains merozoites.

The trophozoite life stage of Giardia colonizes and proliferates in the small intestine. Trophozoites develop during the course of the infection into cysts which is the infectious life stage.[4]

References

Yaeger, Robert G. (1996). Protozoa: Structure, Classification, Growth, and Development. ISBN 9780963117212.
García, Magdalena A; Gutiérrez-Kobeh, Laila; Vancell, Rosario L (December 2015). "Entamoeba histolytica: Adhesins and Lectins in the Trophozoite Surface". Molecules. 20 (2): 2802–2815. doi:10.3390/molecules20022802.
López-Soto, Fernando; León-Sicairos, Nidia; Reyes-López, Magda; Serrano-Luna, Jesús; Ordaz-Pichardo, Cynthia; Piña-Vázquez, Carolina; Ortiz-Estrada, Guillermo; Garza, Mireya de la (December 2009). "Use and endocytosis of iron-containing proteins by Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 9 (6): Pages 1038-1050. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2009.05.018.
Einarsson, Elin; Ma’ayeh, Showgy; Svärd, Staffan G (December 2016). "An up-date on Giardia and giardiasis". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 34: 47–52. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.07.019. ISSN 1369-5274. PMID 27501461.

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[1] Yaeger, Robert G. (1996). Protozoa: Structure, Classification, Growth, and Development. ISBN 9780963117212.

[2] García, Magdalena A; Gutiérrez-Kobeh, Laila; Vancell, Rosario L (December 2015). "Entamoeba histolytica: Adhesins and Lectins in the Trophozoite Surface". Molecules. 20 (2): 2802–2815. doi:10.3390/molecules20022802.

[3] López-Soto, Fernando; León-Sicairos, Nidia; Reyes-López, Magda; Serrano-Luna, Jesús; Ordaz-Pichardo, Cynthia; Piña-Vázquez, Carolina; Ortiz-Estrada, Guillermo; Garza, Mireya de la (December 2009). "Use and endocytosis of iron-containing proteins by Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 9 (6): Pages 1038-1050. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2009.05.018.

[4] Einarsson, Elin; Ma’ayeh, Showgy; Svärd, Staffan G (December 2016). "An up-date on Giardia and giardiasis". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 34: 47–52. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.07.019. ISSN 1369-5274. PMID 27501461.