Triticum polonicum

Triticum polonicum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Subfamily:	Pooideae
Genus:	Triticum
Species:	T. polonicum
Binomial name
	Triticum polonicum; L.
Synonyms
	Triticum turgidum subsp. polonicum[1];

Triticum polonicum, also known as the Polish wheat, is a spring wheat variety of wheat. It is an allotetraploid (AABB)[1] species with 28 chromosomes. It can be found in small areas of the Mediterranean region, Ethiopia, Russia and in other regions of Asia. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1762.[2] T. polonicum is characterised by longer glumes and grains.[1]

Genetics

Breeding studies revealed in 1905 - and more even definitively in 1920 - that this species' glume length is controlled by a single locus. Since then it has been named P1, determined to be semi-dominant, localised to the short arm of chromosome 7A, and has been shown to be pleitropic for glume and grain and flower spike length, and for fewer spikelets per spike. Longer glumes and grains have been localised to the same chromosome of T. petropavlovskyi and the Portuguese landrace group "Arrancada", suggesting their ancestry includes a contribution from T. polonicum.[1]

References

Adamski, Nikolai M; Simmonds, James (ORCID); Brinton, Jemima F (ORCID); Backhaus, Anna E (ORCID); Chen, Yi (ORCID); Smedley, Mark (ORCID); Hayta, Sadiye (ORCID); Florio, Tobin (ORCID); Crane, Pamela (ORCID); Scott, Peter (ORCID); Pieri, Alice (ORCID); Hall, Olyvia (ORCID); Barclay, J Elaine; Clayton, Myles (ORCID); Doonan, John H (ORCID); Nibau, Candida (ORCID); Uauy, Cristobal (ORCID) (2021-05-01). "Ectopic expression of Triticum polonicum VRT-A2 underlies elongated glumes and grains in hexaploid wheat in a dosage-dependent manner". The Plant Cell. American Society of Plant Biologists (OUP). 33 (7): 2296–2319. doi:10.1093/plcell/koab119. ISSN 1532-298X. PMC 8364232. PMID 34009390. {{cite journal}}: External link in |first10=, |first11=, |first12=, |first14=, |first15=, |first16=, |first17=, |first2=, |first3=, |first4=, |first5=, |first6=, |first7=, |first8=, and |first9= (help)
"Triticum polonicum". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 12 March 2009.

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[Adamski-et-al-2021-1] Adamski, Nikolai M; Simmonds, James (ORCID); Brinton, Jemima F (ORCID); Backhaus, Anna E (ORCID); Chen, Yi (ORCID); Smedley, Mark (ORCID); Hayta, Sadiye (ORCID); Florio, Tobin (ORCID); Crane, Pamela (ORCID); Scott, Peter (ORCID); Pieri, Alice (ORCID); Hall, Olyvia (ORCID); Barclay, J Elaine; Clayton, Myles (ORCID); Doonan, John H (ORCID); Nibau, Candida (ORCID); Uauy, Cristobal (ORCID) (2021-05-01). "Ectopic expression of Triticum polonicum VRT-A2 underlies elongated glumes and grains in hexaploid wheat in a dosage-dependent manner". The Plant Cell. American Society of Plant Biologists (OUP). 33 (7): 2296–2319. doi:10.1093/plcell/koab119. ISSN 1532-298X. PMC 8364232. PMID 34009390. {{cite journal}}: External link in |first10=, |first11=, |first12=, |first14=, |first15=, |first16=, |first17=, |first2=, |first3=, |first4=, |first5=, |first6=, |first7=, |first8=, and |first9= (help)

[IPNI-2] "Triticum polonicum". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 12 March 2009.