Trinidad Head

Trinidad Head
Trinidad Head
Promontory
	Trinidad Head Location within California
	Coordinates: 41.054308°N 124.150914°W
Location	Trinidad, California
Offshore water bodies	Pacific Ocean
Operator	City of Trinidad, Bureau of Land Management
California Historical Landmark
Reference no.	146
U.S. National Monument
Designated	January 12, 2017
Unit of the California Coastal National Monument	By President Barack Obama[1]

Trinidad Head (Yurok: Chuerewa' [2]) is a rocky promontory surrounded by sea stacks sheltering Trinidad Harbor, adjacent to the town of Trinidad in Humboldt County, California, USA, designated as California Historical Landmark #146.[3]

Only a narrow spit connects Trinidad Head (upper right) to the mainland

History

On June 9, 1775, two Spanish Naval explorers, Bruno de Heceta and Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra anchored in Trinidad Bay. Two days later, on Trinity Sunday, June 11, 1775,[4] Trinidad Head was claimed for Spain in the name of Charles III by Heceta, his men and two Franciscan fathers who erected a cross on the summit. When Sebastian Rodriguez Cermeno, Captain of the Portuguese ship "San Augustin," discovered and entered the Trinidad Bay in November of 1595, he did not anchor for fear of hitting submerged rocks.[5] Over the next 75 years, Spanish, Russian and British ships landed at Trinidad Head for sea otters, fresh water and refuge from storms.[6]

The harbor and Trinidad Head were mapped as part of A.D. Bache's United States Coast Survey under the direction of Lieutenant Commander William P. McArthur.[7]

Much of Trinidad Head was transferred to the city of Trinidad in 1983. The 46 acres (19 ha) came with the condition that the property be maintained for public recreation. The southerly 13 acres (5.3 ha) of the promontory containing the lighthouse are owned by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in 2014.[8] In January 2017, Congress added Trinidad Head to the onshore acres of the California Coastal National Monument.[1] President Barack Obama used his executive power under the 1906 Antiquities Act to designate this site as a unit of the National Monument.[9]

Geology

Trinidad Head is composed of metamorphosed gabbro embedded in the surrounding Franciscan melange, topped with Pleistocene sands and gravels.[10]

Observatories

The Trinidad Head Lighthouse was built 1871 and remains in operation.
NASA's Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) began observations of key ozone depleting substances and greenhouse gases at Trinidad Head in 1995. The site was updated in May 2005 with a system which measures more than 40 trace gases involved in stratospheric ozone depletion, climate change, and air quality.[11]
Trinidad Head Observatory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration began operation in 2002, monitoring regional and global meteorology.[12]

Management

The BLM manages the facility cooperatively with the City of Trinidad, the Trinidad Rancheria, the Trinidad Museum Society and the Yurok Tribe.[9] Hiking trails were established by the city in 1984.[8]

References

"Presidential Proclamation -- Boundary Enlargement of the California Coastal National Monument". Obamawhitehouse.archives.ogov. January 12, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
"Yurok Dictionary: Chuerewa'". Retrieved July 7, 2012.
"Trinidad Head". Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
Tovell, Freeman M. (2008). At the Far Reaches of Empire: The Life of Juan Francisco De La Bodega Y Quadra. University of British Columbia Press. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-0-7748-1367-9.
Turner, Dennis & Gloria (2010). Place Names of Humboldt County, California (2nd ed.). Humboldt Room, HSU: Dennis W. & Gloria H. Turner. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-9629617-2-4.
Trinidad Gateway Brochure (PDF). p. 5. Retrieved April 22, 2011. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Bache, Alexander Dallas (1851). Reconnaissance of Trinidad Bay California-Chart with soundings, coastline & settlements; includes View of Trinidad Head and City. Washington, DC: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. p. 1.
Faulkner, Jessie (April 11, 2015). "Feds seek input on managing Trinidad Head lighthouse". Times-Standard. Retrieved June 26, 2021.
Boxall, Bettina (January 12, 2017). "Obama adds six sites to California Coastal National Monument". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
Trinidad Beach Field Trip. 2009. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
"Trinidad Station". Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment. NASA. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
"Trinidad Head Observatory". Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 22, 2011.

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[Obama_2017/01/12-1] "Presidential Proclamation -- Boundary Enlargement of the California Coastal National Monument". Obamawhitehouse.archives.ogov. January 12, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2017.

[2] "Yurok Dictionary: Chuerewa'". Retrieved July 7, 2012.

[CHL-3] "Trinidad Head". Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved October 7, 2012.

[4] Tovell, Freeman M. (2008). At the Far Reaches of Empire: The Life of Juan Francisco De La Bodega Y Quadra. University of British Columbia Press. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-0-7748-1367-9.

[5] Turner, Dennis & Gloria (2010). Place Names of Humboldt County, California (2nd ed.). Humboldt Room, HSU: Dennis W. & Gloria H. Turner. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-9629617-2-4.

[BLM-6] Trinidad Gateway Brochure (PDF). p. 5. Retrieved April 22, 2011. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[Bache-7] Bache, Alexander Dallas (1851). Reconnaissance of Trinidad Bay California-Chart with soundings, coastline & settlements; includes View of Trinidad Head and City. Washington, DC: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. p. 1.

[TS_2015-04-11-8] Faulkner, Jessie (April 11, 2015). "Feds seek input on managing Trinidad Head lighthouse". Times-Standard. Retrieved June 26, 2021.

[LAT_2017-01-12-9] Boxall, Bettina (January 12, 2017). "Obama adds six sites to California Coastal National Monument". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 1, 2017.

[HSU-10] Trinidad Beach Field Trip. 2009. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[11] "Trinidad Station". Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment. NASA. Retrieved April 12, 2022.

[NOAA-12] "Trinidad Head Observatory". Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 22, 2011.