Tōhoku Expressway
The Tōhoku Expressway (東北自動車道, Tōhoku Jidōsha-dō) is a south-north national expressway, and the longest expressway in Japan at 679.5 kilometers (422.2 mi). Its southern terminus is in Kawaguchi, Saitama in the Greater Tokyo Area, at the Tokyo Gaikan Expressway and Kawaguchi Route near Araijuku Station, and its northern terminus is at Aomori Interchange in Aomori, Aomori in the northern part of the Tōhoku region, where it meets the Aomori Expressway and Aomori Belt Highway near the Sannai-Maruyama Site.
 | |
|---|---|
 東北自動車道 | |
| Route information | |
| Length | 679.5 km[1] (422.2 mi) |
| Existed | 1972[2]–present |
| Major junctions | |
| From | Kawaguchi Junction in Kawaguchi, Saitama  Tokyo Gaikan Expressway / Kawaguchi Route |
| To | Aomori Interchange in Aomori, Aomori Aomori Expressway National Route 7 |
| Location | |
| Country | Japan |
| Major cities | Saitama, Tatebayashi, Utsunomiya, Kōriyama, Fukushima, Sendai, Morioka, Kazuno, Hirosaki |
| Highway system | |
It is owned by Japan Expressway Holding and Debt Repayment Agency and operated by East Nippon Expressway Company. The expressway is signed E4 under the "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering", because it roughly parallels National Route 4.[3]
Route description
The expressway links the Tōhoku region with the Kantō region and the greater Tokyo urban area. It is also the longest expressway among all expressways operated by East Nippon Expressway Company.[1]
Starting at a junction with the Tokyo Gaikan Expressway to the north of Tokyo, the expressway follows a northerly course through the plains of Saitama Prefecture and Tochigi Prefecture before entering the mountainous interior of the Tōhoku region. Passing through central Fukushima Prefecture, the expressway then enters Miyagi Prefecture and passes to the west of Sendai, the largest city in the Tōhoku region. The expressway continues north into Iwate Prefecture, passing the prefectural capital Morioka. In the northern part of Iwate, the expressway veers to the northwest, while the Hachinohe Expressway branches off to the northeast. The Tōhoku Expressway continues into central Aomori Prefecture. Before terminating in the city of Aomori, the Aomori Expressway begins, continuing east as an extension of the expressway towards Hachinohe by a series of toll roads and expressways.[4]
The route parallels the Tōhoku Shinkansen and Tōhoku Main Line of East Japan Railway Company as well as National Route 4 from its origin in Tokyo to the city of Morioka. North of Morioka, the route diverges to the northwest and parallels the Ōu Main Line and National Route 7. It follows this path winding through the Ōu Mountains to its northern terminus in Aomori at National Route 7 about a kilometer south of the Tōhoku Shinkansen's northern terminus at Shin-Aomori Station.
The expressway is 6 lanes from Kawaguchi Junction to Utsunomiya Interchange, and then changes to 4 lanes from Utsunomiya to the terminus in Aomori.
The standard rate for travelling the entirety of the Tōhoku Expressway in a normal-sized car from Kawaguchi Junction to Aomori Interchange is 13,800 yen, in a kei car the cost is 11,100 yen.[5]
Naming
Tōhoku refers to the Tōhoku region, the northernmost region on the island of Honshū.
Officially the expressway is designated as the Tōhoku Jūkan Expressway Hirosaki Route. It is also concurrent with the Tōhoku Jūkan Expressway Hachinohe Route until Ashiro Junction, where it diverges from the Tōhoku Expressway to become the Hachinohe Expressway. [6]
History
Initial construction
The first section of the Tōhoku Expressway opened on 13 November 1972 between Kanuma and Utsunomiya interchanges. The next year saw the opening of three sections of the highway: first, an extension north from Utsunomiya Interchange to Yaita Interchange on 9 August, next another section between Shirakawa and Koriyama interchanges opened on 26 November followed by a section opening the next day between Shiroishi and Sendai-minami interchanges. In 1974, only one section between Yaita and Shirakawa interchanges was opened along the expressway on 20 December, this connected the southern section and central sections. 1975 saw the completion of two more sections of the expressway: one between Koriyama and Shiroishi interchanges on 1 April (linking the extant southern and northern sections), and then another on 28 November between Sendai-minami and Izumi interchanges. In 1976, only one section between Izumi and Furukawa interchanges was opened along the expressway on 9 December, extending the expressway further north. 1977 saw the completion of another two sections of the expressway: one between Furukawa and Tsukidate interchanges on 15 November, and then a separate section on 19 November between Ichinoseki and Morioka-minami interchanges. On 2 December 1978, that separate section was linked to the rest of the expressway. The next year saw the opening of two sections of the highway: first, the northernmost section of what would be the completed expressway between Ōwani-Hirosaki and Aomori interchanges on 27 September, next another section extending the expressway north from Morioka-minami Interchange to Takizawa was opened on 18 October. Also, Shiwa Interchange was inserted into the existing expressway on 13 October. 1980 would see the opening of three more sections of the expressway: the first of these extended the expressway south from Iwatsuki Interchange to Urawa Interchange on 26 March, the second extended the main section of the expressway north from Takizawa Interchange to Nishine Interchangeon 8 October, the third extended the northern section of the expressway south to Ikarigaseki Interchange on 29 October. On 4 August 1981, Motomiya Interchange was added to the extant expressway. In 1982, Wakayanagi-Kannari Interchange was added to the extant expressway on 29 March and a new section of the expressway opened on 29 October, extending the main section of the expressway north to Ashiro Interchange. The main section was extended north again on 20 October 1983 to Kazuno-Hachimantai Interchange. In 1984, it was extended north to Towada Interchange on 27 September. Koriyama-minami Interchange was added on 6 November. Hanamaki-minami Interchange was added to the extant expressway on 24 July 1986. Later, on 30 July the completion of the 4.27-kilometer (2.65 mi)-long Sakanashi Tunnel allowed for the separate northern section of the expressway to be linked to the rest of the expressway. The expressway was completed on 9 September 1987 when it was extended south to its southern terminus at Kawaguchi Junction.[7]
Additional work after completion
In October 2004, an experiment was conducted to test the viability of smart interchanges was conducted on the Fukushima-Matsukawa Smart Interchange, which was installed onto the pre-existing Fukushima-Matsukawa Parking Area in the city of Fukushima. After the experimental smart interchange was deemed successful, the Fukushima-Matsukawa Smart Interchange as well as sixteen others around the country were officially opened to traffic across the country in October 2006.[8] Many sections of the expressway were damaged on 11 March 2011 during the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The expressway reopened on 24 March 2011.[9]
List of interchanges and features
PA - parking area, SA - service area, TB - toll gate
| Prefecture | Location | km | mi | Exit | Name | Destinations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saitama | Kawaguchi | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1 | Kawaguchi | Tokyo Gaikan Expressway / Kawaguchi Route | Southern terminus; C3 exit 70; expressway continues as S1 |
| Midori-ku | 3.2 4.8 | 2.0 3.0 | 2 | Urawa |  National Route 122 National Route 463 (Koshigaya Urawa Bypass) | Southbound exit, northbound entrance only to National Route 463; full access to and from National Route 122 | |
| 5.0 | 3.1 | TB | Urawa | ||||
| Iwatsuki-ku | 10.5 | 6.5 | 3 | Iwatsuki |  National Route 16 (Iwatsuki Kasukabe Bypass) | ||
| Hasuda | 15.6– 18.1 | 9.7– 11.2 | 3-1 / SA | Hasuda | Saitama Prefecture Route 163 (Hasuda-Shiraoka-Kuki Route) | Smart interchange; southbound entrance, northbound exit only | |
| Kuki | 24.1 | 15.0 | 3-2 | Kuki-Shiraoka |  Ken-Ō Expressway | C4 exit 70 | |
| 25.5 | 15.8 | 4 | Kuki | Saitama Prefecture Route 3 (Saitama Kurihashi Route) | |||
| Kazo | 33.4 | 20.8 | 5 | Kazo |  National Route 125 | ||
| Hanyū | 39.4 | 24.5 | 5-1 | Hanyū | Saitama Prefecture Route 84 (Hanyū Kurihashi Route) | ||
| 40.6 | 25.2 | PA | Hanyū | ||||
| Saitama–Gunma prefecture border | 43.2 43.9 | 26.8 27.3 | Tonegawa Bridge over the Tone River | ||||
| Gunma | Tatebayashi | 46.0 | 28.6 | 6 | Tatebayashi |  National Route 354 | |
| Gunma–Tochigi prefecture border | 51.5 51.9 | 32.0 32.2 | Watarasegawa Bridge over the Watarase River | ||||
| Tochigi | Sano | 55.0 | 34.2 | 7 | Sano-Fujioka |  National Route 50 | Interchange lies partially in Tochigi |
| 58.0 | 36.0 | 7-1 / SA | Sano | Tochigi Prefecture Route 352 (Sano Smart Interchange Route) | Smart interchange; service area is open to all traffic | ||
| Tochigi | 61.8 | 38.4 | 7-2 | Iwafune |  Kita-Kantō Expressway west | Southern terminus of concurrency with E50 | |
| 72.7 | 45.2 | 8 | Tochigi | Tochigi Prefecture Route 32 (Tochigi Kashiwao Route) | |||
| 75.4 | 46.9 | 8-1 | Tochigi-Tsuga | Kita-Kantō Expressway east | Northern terminus of concurrency with E50 | ||
| 79.3 | 49.3 | 8-2 / PA | Tsuganishikata | Tochigi Prefecture Route 352 (Sano Smart Interchange Route) | Smart interchange to open in 2020; parking area is open to all traffic | ||
| Tochigi–Kanuma border | 82.6– 82.9 | 51.3– 51.5 | Omoigawa Bridge over the Omoi River | ||||
| Kanuma | 91.5 | 56.9 | 9 | Kanuma |  National Route 121 | ||
| Utsunomiya | 97.5 | 60.6 | 9-1 | Ōya | Tochigi Prefecture Route 70 (Utsunomiya-Imaichi Route) | Future smart interchange scheduled to open in 2020 | |
| 99.3 | 61.7 | PA | Ōya | ||||
| 103.0 | 64.0 | 10 | Utsunomiya |  Nikkō Utsunomiya Road west National Route 119 | |||
| 110.9 | 68.9 | 10-1 / SA | Kamikawachi | Tochigi Prefecture Route 348 (Kamikawachi Smart Interchange Route) | Smart interchange; service area is open to all traffic | ||
| Yaita | 120.2 | 74.7 | 11 | Yaita |  National Route 4 (Ujiie Yaita Bypass) / Tochigi Prefecture Route 30 (Yaita Nasu Route) | ||
| 127.5 | 79.2 | 11-1 / PA | Yaita-kita | Future smart interchange scheduled to open in 2020; service area is open to all traffic | |||
| Nasushiobara | 133.6– 133.8 | 83.0– 83.1 | Hōkigawa Bridge over the Hōki River | ||||
| 139.1 | 86.4 | 12 | Nishinasuno-Shiobara |  National Route 400 | |||
| 145.4 | 90.3 | 12-1 / PA | Kuroiso | Tochigi Prefecture Route 53 (Ōtawara Takabayashi Route) | |||
| Nasushiobara–Nasu border | 151.8– 151.9 | 94.3– 94.4 | Nakagawa Bridge over the Naka River | ||||
| Nasu | 152.2 | 94.6 | 13 | Nasu | Tochigi Prefecture Route 17 (Nasukōgen Route) | ||
| 160.5 | 99.7 | 13-1 / SA | Nasukōgen | Tochigi Prefecture Route 349 (Nasukōgen Smart Interchange Route) | Smart interchange; southbound entrance, northbound exit only | ||
| Fukushima | Nishigō | 169.7 | 105.4 | 14 | Shirakawa | National Route 4 | |
| 173.5– 173.6 | 107.8– 107.9 | Abukumagawa Bridge over the Abukuma River | |||||
| Shirakawa | 176.1 | 109.4 | 14-1 | Shirakawa-chūō |  National Route 294 | Smart interchange | |
| 178.7 | 111.0 | PA | Abukuma | ||||
| Yabuki | 186.3 | 115.8 | 15 | Yabuki |  Abukuma Kōgen Road east National Route 4 | ||
| 193.9 | 120.5 | 15-1 / PA | Kagamiishi | Fukushima Prefecture Route 289 (Shimomatsumoto-Kagamiishi Route) | Smart interchange is open from 6:00-22:00; service area is open to all traffic | ||
| Sukagawa | 198.2 | 123.2 | 16 | Sukagawa | Fukushima Prefecture Route 67 (Nakano Sukagawa Route) | ||
| Kōriyama | 206.0 | 128.0 | PA | Asaka | |||
| 207.7 | 129.1 | 17 | Kōriyama-minami | Fukushima Prefecture Route 47 (Kōriyama-Naganuma Route) | |||
| 211.8 | 131.6 | 17-1 | Kōriyama-chūō | Fukushima Prefecture Route 55 (Kōriyama-Yubiki Route) | Smart interchange | ||
| 216.4 | 134.5 | 18 | Kōriyama |  National Route 49 | |||
| 220.2 | 136.8 | 18-1 | Kōriyama |  Ban-etsu Expressway | |||
| Motomiya | 223.1 | 138.6 | 19 | Motomiya | National Route 4 | ||
| 226.3 | 140.6 | SA | Adatara | ||||
| Nihonmatsu | 236.0 | 146.6 | 20 | Nihonmatsu |  National Route 459 / Fukushima Prefecture Route 355 (Sukagawa Nihonmatsu Route) | ||
| Fukushima | 244.7 | 152.0 | 20-1 / PA | Fukushima-Matsukawa | Fukushima Prefecture Route 52 (Tsuchiyu Onsen Route) | Smart interchange; service area is open to all traffic | |
| 247.0– 247.9 | 153.5– 154.0 | Fukushima Tunnel | |||||
| 254.9 | 158.4 | 21 | Fukushima-nishi |  National Route 115 (Fukushima-nishi Bypass) | |||
| 256.3– 256.5 | 159.3– 159.4 | Arakawa Bridge over the Arakawa River | |||||
| 257.7 | 160.1 | PA | Azuma | ||||
| 261.7 | 162.6 | 21-1 | Fukushima |  Tōhoku-Chūō Expressway north | Southern terminus of E13 concurrency | ||
| 264.9 | 164.6 | 21 | Fukushima-Iizaka |  National Route 13 | |||
| Koori | 269.4 | 167.4 | 22-1 | Koori | Tōhoku-Chūō Expressway south | Northern terminus of E13 concurrency | |
| Kunimi | 276.0 | 171.5 | 23 | Kunimi | Fukushima Prefecture Route 46 (Shiroishi-Kunimi Route) | ||
| 281.9 | 175.2 | SA | Kunimi | ||||
| Miyagi | Shiroishi | 299.5 | 186.1 | 24 | Shiroishi | National Route 4 (Shiroishi Bypass) | |
| Zaō | 304.1 | 189.0 | PA | Zaō | |||
| Murata | 311.8 | 193.7 | 25 | Murata | Miyagi Prefecture Route 14 (Watari Ōgawara Kawasaki Route) | ||
| 314.5 | 195.4 | 26 | Murata |  Yamagata Expressway west | Southern terminus of E48 concurrency | ||
| 319.6 | 198.6 | 26-1 / PA | Sugō | Smart interchange to open in 2020; parking area is open to all traffic | |||
| Taihaku-ku, Sendai | 326.8 | 203.1 | 27 | Sendai-minami | Sendai-Nanbu Road east National Route 286 | Northern terminus of E48 concurrency | |
| Aoba-ku, Sendai | 332.4 | 206.5 | 28 | Sendai-Miyagi |  National Route 48 (Ayashi Bypass / Sendai Nishi Road) | ||
| 333.3– 333.6 | 207.1– 207.3 | Hirosegawa Bridge over the Hirose River | |||||
| Izumi-ku, Sendai | 342.6 | 212.9 | 28-1 / PA | Izumi | Miyagi Prefecture Route 35 (Izumi-Shiogama Route) | Smart interchange; parking area is open to all traffic | |
| 346.1 | 215.1 | 29 | Izumi | National Route 4 | |||
| Tomiya | 349.3 | 217.0 | 29-1 | Tomiya |  Sendai-Hokubu Road | No exit to westbound E6, no entrance from eastbound E6 | |
| Taiwa | 354.4 | 220.2 | PA | Tsurusu | |||
| 357.1 | 221.9 | 30 | Taiwa | Miyagi Prefecture Route 3 (Shiogama-Yoshioka Route) | |||
| Ōhira | 360.3 | 223.9 | 30-1 | Ōhira | Miyagi Prefecture Route 3 (Ōhira-Ochiai Route) | ||
| Ōsaki | 366.8 | 227.9 | 30-2 / PA | Sanbongi | National Route 4 (Sanbongi Bypass) | Smart interchange; parking area is open to all traffic | |
| 367.1– 367.6 | 228.1– 228.4 | Narusegawa Bridge over National Route 4 and the Naruse River | |||||
| 375.1 | 233.1 | 31 | Furukawa |  National Route 47 | |||
| 381.0 | 236.7 | 31-1 / SA | Chōjahara | Miyagi Prefecture Route 266 (Kejonuma Park Route) | Smart interchange; service area is open to all traffic, a dog run is available for users of the expressway | ||
| Kurihara | 391.2 | 243.1 | 32 | Tsukidate | National Route 4 | ||
| 32-1 | Kurihara |  Miyagi-Kenpoku Road | Planned interchange[10] | ||||
| 396.8 | 246.6 | PA | Shiwahime | ||||
| 403.0 | 250.4 | 33 | Wakayanagi-Kannari | Miyagi Prefecture Route 4 (Nakada-Kurikoma Route) | |||
| 408.8 | 254.0 | PA | Kannari | ||||
| Iwate | Ichinoseki | 420.3 | 261.2 | 34 | Ichinoseki |  National Route 342 | |
| 421.3– 422.3 | 261.8– 262.4 | Ichinoseki Tunnel | |||||
| 424.4 | 263.7 | PA | Chūsonji | Southbound access only | |||
| 424.6 | 263.8 | 34-1 | Hiraizumi | Future smart interchange | |||
| Hiraizumi | 425.5 | 264.4 | PA | Chūsonji | Northbound access only | ||
| 426.3– 427.4 | 264.9– 265.6 | Hiraizumi Tunnel | |||||
| 431.8 | 268.3 | 35 | Hiraizumi-Maesawa | National Route 4 | |||
| Ōshū | 437.5 | 271.8 | SA | Maesawa | |||
| 442.7 | 275.1 | 35-1 | Ōshū | Iwate Prefecture Route 236 (Koromogawa-Mizusawa Route) | Smart interchange | ||
| 449.3 | 279.2 | 36 | Mizusawa | National Route 4 (Kanegasaki Bypass) | |||
| Kitakami | 458.0 | 284.6 | 36-1 / PA | Kitakami-Kanegasaki | Iwate Prefecture Route 50 (Kitakami-Kanegasaki Inter Route) | ||
| 461.8 | 286.9 | 37 | Kitakami |  Akita Expressway north | Southern terminus of E46 concurrency | ||
| 464.7 | 288.8 | 38 | Kitakami-Ezuriko |  National Route 107 | |||
| Hanamaki | 472.6 | 293.7 | PA | Hanamaki | Planned smart interchange | ||
| 474.5 | 294.8 | 38-1 | Hanamaki-minami | Iwate Prefecture Route 12 (Hanamaki-Ōmagari Route) | |||
| 478.6 | 297.4 | 38-2 | Hanamaki | Kamaishi Expressway east | Northern terminus of E46 concurrency | ||
| 481.3 | 299.1 | 39 | Hanamaki | Iwate Prefecture Route 37 (Hanamaki Koromogawa Route) | |||
| Shiwa | 489.2 | 304.0 | SA | Shiwa | Iwate Prefecture Route 50 (Kitakami-Kanegasaki Inter Route) | ||
| 494.1 | 307.0 | 39 | Shiwa | Iwate Prefecture Route 46 (Shiwa Inter Route) | |||
| Yahaba | 501.3 | 311.5 | 40-1 / PA | Yahaba | Iwate Prefecture Route 120 (Fudō-Morioka Route) | ||
| Morioka | 505.1 | 313.9 | 41 | Morioka-minami | Iwate Prefecture Route 36 (Kamiyonai-Yuzawa Route) | ||
| 511.2– 511.7 | 317.6– 318.0 | Shizukuishigawa Bridge over the Shizukuishi River | |||||
| 512.1 | 318.2 | 42 | Morioka |  National Route 46 | |||
| Takizawa | 516.1 | 320.7 | 42-1 | Takizawa-chūō | Smart interchange | ||
| 520.1 | 323.2 | PA | Takizawa | ||||
| 522.1 | 324.4 | 43 | Takizawa |  National Route 4 / National Route 281 (unsigned) | |||
| Hachimantai | 532.2 | 330.7 | 44 | Nishine |  National Route 282 | ||
| 537.3 | 333.9 | SA | Iwatesan | Last gas station travelling northbound on the expressway | |||
| 541.7 | 336.6 | 45 | Matsuo-Hachimantai | Iwate Prefecture Route 45 (Kashiwadai-Matsuo Route) | |||
| 544.2 | 338.2 | PA | Maemoriyama | ||||
| 549.0– 550.9 | 341.1– 342.3 | Ryūgamori Tunnel | |||||
| 556.6 | 345.9 | PA | Hata | ||||
| 563.3 | 350.0 | 46 | Ashiro | Hachinohe Expressway north | |||
| 564.6 | 350.8 | 47 | Ashiro | National Route 282 | |||
| 573.2 | 356.2 | PA | Tayama | ||||
| 574.9– 575.1 | 357.2– 357.4 | Tayama Tunnel | |||||
| Akita | Kazuno | 585.2 | 363.6 | PA | Yuze | ||
| 590.7 | 367.0 | 48 | Kazuno-Hachimantai | National Route 282 | |||
| 593.7 | 368.9 | SA | Hanawa | ||||
| 602.6 | 374.4 | 49 | Towada |    National Route 103 / National Route 104 (unsigned) / National Route 285 (unsigned) | |||
| Kosaka | 608.5– 609.8 | 378.1– 378.9 | Kamedayama Tunnel | ||||
| 610.7 | 379.5 | 49-1 | Kosaka | Akita Prefecture Route 2 (Ōdate-Lake Towada Route) | |||
| 613.5 | 381.2 | PA | Kosaka | ||||
| 617.0 | 383.4 | 49-2 | Kosaka |  Akita Expressway south | |||
| Akita–Aomori prefecture border | 620.1 624.4 | 385.3 388.0 | Sakanashi Tunnel | ||||
| Aomori | Hirakawa | 630.7 | 391.9 | 50 | Ikarigaseki | National Route 7 | |
| Ōwani | 635.8 | 395.1 | PA | Ajara | |||
| 643.7 | 400.0 | 51 | Ōwani-Hirosaki | National Route 7 | |||
| Hirakawa | 646.5 | 401.7 | SA | Tsugaru | |||
| Kuroishi | 653.6 | 406.1 | 52 | Kuroishi |   National Route 102 / National Route 394 | ||
| 660.8 | 410.6 | PA | Takadate | ||||
| Aomori | 667.6 | 414.8 | 53 | Namioka |  Tsugaru Expressway west National Route 7Aomori Prefecture Route 285 (Namioka-Fujisaki Route) | ||
| 677.4– 679.5 | 420.9– 422.2 | 54 / TB | Aomori | Aomori Expressway east National Route 7 (Aomori Belt Highway) | Northern terminus; no access between E4A and National Route 7 | ||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
| |||||||
References
- "E-NEXCO Expressway Data". Retrieved 13 April 2008.
- "Expressway Opening Dates". Retrieved 16 April 2008.
- "Japan's Expressway Numbering System". www.mlit.go.jp. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
- 第四次全国総合開発計画 [Fourth National Comprehensive Development Plan] (PDF). www.mlit.go.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 9 March 2018.
- 東北道・北関東道・圏央道料金表 (PDF). E-NEXCO (in Japanese). March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
- Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. "High Standard Trunk Road Map" (PDF). Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "高速道路開通の歴史" (in Japanese). Retrieved 23 December 2019.
- "スマートＩＣ 低コストで地域振興に貢献" [Smart interchanges contribute to regional economy with low costs]. Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). 10 December 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- NHK World, "Tohoku Expressway Reopened To All Traffic", 24 March 2011.
- "(仮称) 栗原インターチェンジの連結許可について" (PDF) (in Japanese). 15 August 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
External links
- (in Japanese) East Nippon Expressway Company
