Title character

The title character in a narrative work is one who is named or referred to in the title of the work. In a performed work such as a play or film, the performer who plays the title character is said to have the title role of the piece. The title of the work might consist solely of the title character's name – such as Michael Collins[1] or Othello – or be a longer phrase or sentence – such as The Autobiography of Malcolm X, Alice in Wonderland, or The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The title character is commonly – but not necessarily – the protagonist of the story. Narrative works routinely do not have a title character, and there is some ambiguity in what qualifies as one.

Examples in various media include Figaro in the opera The Marriage of Figaro, Giselle in the ballet of the same name, the Doctor in the TV series Doctor Who, Dr. Gregory House of the TV series House, Harry Potter in the series of novels and films,[2] Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet in the play Romeo and Juliet,[3] Amos Jones and Andy Brown in the radio and TV dramas Amos 'n' Andy, Mario and Luigi in the game Super Mario Bros., and Naruto Uzumaki in the manga and anime franchise Naruto.

Definitions

There is no formal, prescriptive definition of a title character or title role, but there are general standards accepted by tradition.

The title character need not be literally named in the title, but may be referred to by some other identifying word or phrase, such as Bilbo Baggins in The Hobbit,[4] Simba in The Lion King, Aang in Avatar: The Last Airbender, Idi Amin in The Last King of Scotland,[5] or more vaguely as in the play An Ideal Husband, which ostensibly refers to the character Sir Robert Chiltern.[6]

A title character is typically fictional, such as Alice in the book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Robinson Crusoe in the book of the same name, or Jean-Luc Picard in the TV series Star Trek: Picard; but can be a non-fictional dramatization, such as Annie Oakley in the musical Annie Get Your Gun,[7] Erin Brockovich in the film of the same name,[8] or Thomas More in the play A Man for All Seasons.[9]

Although it is common for the title character to be the protagonist, it is not unusual for the principal antagonist or a key secondary character to be named in the title instead. Examples of titular antagonists include Sauron in the book and film series The Lord of the Rings,[10] Count Dracula in Bram Stoker's Dracula,[11] or Francisco Scaramanga and Julius No in the James Bond novels and films The Man with the Golden Gun and Dr. No,[12] or "The Big" Lebowski in the film of the same name. The protagonist and antagonist can arguably both be title characters, as in the films Godzilla vs. the Smog Monster or Smokey and the Bandit. In the novel and TV series Shogun, the feudal lord Toranaga is the title character, but the protagonist is John Blackthorne. In the 2003 revival of August Wilson's Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, Whoopi Goldberg had the title role of Ma Rainey, but the lead was Charles S. Dutton as Levee.[13] In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, the Wizard of Oz is the title character, but is a minor supporting character.[14] In the musical Bye Bye Birdie, Conrad Birdie is the title character, while Albert Peterson is the protagonist.[15] In the video game The Legend of Zelda, the title character Princess Zelda is the damsel in distress, and the protagonist is Link.[16] The title character in the 2017 animated film Coco is the protagonist's great-grandmother.

The title character need not be the subject of the title in a strict grammatical sense: Uncle Tom is considered the title character of Uncle Tom's Cabin[17] and Lee Marvin is often described as playing the title character in the film The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, as his character (Liberty Valance) is named in the title, even though the grammatical subject of the title is the person who shot him.[18]

The concept of title character may be interpreted to include unseen characters, such as Godot in Waiting for Godot,[19] Rebecca de Winter in the 1938 novel Rebecca,[20] or Jason Bourne in the 2012 film The Bourne Legacy.[21] Status as the title character has been attributed to named objects, such as the bus in the film and musical Priscilla, Queen of the Desert,[22] or the imaginary 6-foot rabbit Harvey in the play and film of the same name.[23]

Titular

The general noun phrase "title character" can be replaced with a descriptive noun or phrase which is then further described using the adjective "titular". For example, the title character of Dracula can be referred to as the book's "titular vampire",[24] the title character of Hamlet is the "titular prince of Denmark",[25] and the title character of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is the "titular wizard".[26][27]

See also

References
  1. Walshe, Shane (2009). Irish English as Represented in Film. Peter Lang. p. 258.
  2. Bell, Christoper E (July 30, 2012). Hermione Granger Saves the World: Essays on the Feminist Heroine of Hogwarts. McFarland. p. 21.
  3. "The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet". Richmond Shakespeare Festival.
  4. "The Hobbit, J. R. R. Tolkien, Analysis of major characters". SparkNotes.
  5. Taylor, Paul C (July 29, 2009). "The Last King of Scotland, the Last N----r on Earth? The Ethics of Race on Film". Contemporary Aesthetics.
  6. Rice, Randy (November 14, 2008). "Review: An Ideal Husband at The Gamm". Wisdom Digital Media.
  7. Hoffman, Warren (February 18, 2014). The Great White Way: Race and the Broadway Musical. Rutgers University Press. p. 57.
  8. Hammer, Tonya R (April 2008). Myths, Stereotypes, and Controlling Images in Film: A Feminist Content Analysis of Hollywood's Portrayal of Women's Career Choices. p. 58. ISBN 9781243451705.
  9. The Best Test Preparation for the Advanced Placement Examination in English Literature & Composition. Research and Education Assocn. 1990. p. 83.
  10. Skogemann, Pia (2009). Where the Shadows Lie: A Jungian Interpretation of Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. Chiron Publications. p. 145.
  11. Constanzo, William V (November 18, 2013). World Cinema through Global Genres. John Wiley & sons. p. 211.
  12. "From Fleming to Film: The Search for Scaramanga". www.bakerstreetdozen.com. Retrieved 2019-12-29.
  13. Hill, Anthony D (September 2, 2009). The A to Z of African American Theater. Scarecrow Press. p. xxxiv.
  14. "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum: Summary & Characters". Education Portal.
  15. ARNOTT, CHRISTOPHER (23 June 2016). "Goodspeed's 'Bye Bye Birdie' Staying True To Original '60s Musical". courant.com. Retrieved 2019-12-29.
  16. Lambie, Ryan (23 November 2011). "The Legend Of Zelda: why Link is one of the most enduring characters in videogaming". Archived from the original on 2013-06-20.
  17. Sharma, Raja (2012). Ready Reference Treatise: Uncle Tom's Cabin.
  18. Casillo, Robert (2006). Gangster Priest: The Italian American Cinema of Martin Scorsese. University of Toronto Press. p. 153. ISBN 9780802091130.
  19. Sharma, Raja (2012). Ready Reference Treatise: Waiting for Godot.
  20. Buzwell, Greg (25 May 2016). "Daphne du Maurier and the Gothic Tradition". British Library. Retrieved 2018-06-25.
  21. Bradshaw, Peter (August 9, 2012). "The Bourne Legacy – review". The Guardian.
  22. Tavener, Simon (February 28, 2013). "Priscilla - Queen of the Desert (Tour - Oxford)". What's on Stage: Theatre News.
  23. "Review: On Theater: 'Harvey' hardly looks his age in Laguna". Daily Pilot. 2019-06-06. Retrieved 2019-12-29.
  24. Robinson, Sara Libby (2008). Blood Will Tell: Blood and Vampires as Metaphors in the Political and Popular Cultures of Great Britain, France, Germany, and the United States, 1870--1914. p. 131.
  25. Saxon, Theresa (October 11, 2011). American Theatre: History, Context, Form. Oxford University Press.
  26. Grimes, A. C. (6 September 2019). "The real meaning of these Wizard of Oz characters". Grunge.com. Retrieved 2019-12-30.
  27. Booker, Keith M. (2011-03-17). Historical Dictionary of American Cinema. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7459-6.
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