Theobald I, Count of Blois

Theobald I was the son of Theobald the Elder of Blois,[2] who from 908 on was Viscount of Tours,[3] and of Richildis, which origins are discussed.

The acquisition of the count's title around 940 was linked to the arrival of a new generation of counts on Robertian lands. In 936, Hugh the Great was invested with the title of Duke of the Franks, which replaced that of Marquis for Neustria. For material and political reasons, the duke had to delegate part of his previous benefits to his vassals[4] - Fulk the Good became count in Angers and Teudon count in Paris. Theobald of Blois was a faithful vassal of the Duke of the Franks and is considered his best lieutenant.[5] The district of his county power included Tours, Blois, Châteaudun and Chartres.[6]

For Hugh the Great, the preeminent role of Theobald in Neustria must counterbalance that of the Norman count William Longsword who rules a March that extends from the Somme river to Brittany.[7] In this context, Theobald's sister or daughter had married[8] Alan II of Nantes, the Duke of Brittany, giving Theobald influence all the way to Rennes.[9]

However, the death of Alan II left a void in Brittany, making it vulnerable to encroachment by either the Normans or the Angevins.[10] Theobald and Fulk II of Anjou, the two vassals of Hugh the Great agreed on their areas of regency in Brittany, based respectively on Rennes and Nantes. Theobald also let his widowed daughter or sister married Fulk.[10]

About 943–44,[11] he married Luitgarde of Vermandois, widow of William I of Normandy.[12] Her dower around Evreux strengthens Theobald's grip around Normandy.[13] Luitgarde was the daughter of Herbert II, Count of Vermandois and the great-daughter of King Robert I of France.[14] Hence her uncle was Hugh the Great, Duke of France[15] who favored this marriage.

Around 945, Louis IV was captured by Northmen and given over to Hugh the Great, who placed the king in Theobald's custody.[16] After about a year in his vassal's custody, King Louis negotiated his freedom by offering Hugh the city of Laon, which Hugh then gave to Theobald.[17]

In 960, he began opposing Richard I of Normandy and entered into a long war with the Normans. In 961 he attacked Évreux.[18] The Normans responded by attacking Dunois. In 962, he launched an assault on Rouen, which attack failed.[18] The Normans burned Chartres in response. He took control of the fortresses of Saint-Aignan in the Loir-et-Cher, Vierzon, and Anguillon in Berry. During the minority of Hugh Capet, he reinforced Chartres and Châteaudun, as well as founding the Château de Chinon. By the time of his death, he had built a vast power on the Loire, dominating central France.

Theobald and his first wife[19] of rorgonid origin[20] had:

• Theobald (d. 962).[11]
• Hildegarde, married Bouchard de Bray, Lord of Montmorency.[11]

Theobald and his wife Luitgarde of Vermandois had:

• Hugh, Archbishop of Bourges (d. 985).[11]
• Odo (d. 995), succeeded his father as Count of Blois[21]
• Emma (d. aft. 1003), married William IV of Aquitaine.[22]

• Bachrach, Bernard S. (1993). Fulk Nerra, the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040. University of California Press.
• Bradbury, Jim (2007). The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty. Hambledon Continuum.
• Potts, Cassandra (1997). Monastic Revival and Regional Identity in Early Normandy. The Boydell Press.