Tamrakar

Tāmrakār (Devanagari: ताम्रकार) is a caste of coppersmiths and other metal casters found in Nepal and India. In Nepal, the Tamrakars are found among the Newar community of the Kathmandu Valley.[1]

Maru Satah

Names

In India, the various names for the caste include Tamrakar (in Madhya Pradesh), Tambatkar, Tamera, Thathera, Thathara, Kasar, Kasera, Kansara (in Gujarat), Kangabanik (West Bengal), Otari, Twasta Kasar and Tambat (Maharashtra), Tamta (Gharwal & kumaon). In Goa, they claim Brahmin status and call themselves Twashta Kasar Brahmin.[2] In northern India, they also identify themselves as "Haihaivanshi Tamrakar Samaj", claiming Kshatriya descent from Sahasrabahu Arjuna and Haihaya dynasty.[3][4]

Geography

In Nepal, Tamrakars are spread all over the Kathmandu Valley, but are mostly concentrated in the heart of Patan, Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Achham Nepal.[5]

Traditional occupation

Tamrakars are traditional coppersmiths who make household utensils of copper and brass according to the division of labour practiced from ancient times. Jewelry and ritual objects made of silver are other products. They are also known for making traditional musical instruments like the ponga and the payntah, long horns made of copper.[6]

Many Tamrakars of Kathmandu participated in the traditional Tibet trade, and used to operate shops in Lhasa in Tibet, Ladakh in India and other trade centers on the Silk Road.[7]

Culture

The Tamrakars of Maru in Nepal have the task of playing the payntāh (long horn) during the Samyak festival, the greatest Newar Buddhist celebration which is held once every 12 years in Kathmandu and in which each Urāy caste has a duty.[8]

During the Yenya festival (also known as Indra Jatra) held in Kathmandu, a Tamrakar family of Maru has the responsibility of bringing out the procession of the goddess Dagin (दागिं) (alternative name: Dagim).[9] Similarly, a Tamrakar dancer from Maru plays the part of Daitya in sacred dances.[10]

Society

Tamrakars (mostly from Patan) have formed a society, "Tamrakar Samaj", consisting of 650+ members.[11] Tamrakar Samaj organizes various social events like Bratabandha, Gupha Rakhne etc. as well as works actively in promotion of Tamrakars.

References
  1. Lewis, Todd T. (January 1996). "Notes on the Uray and the Modernization of Newar Buddhism" (PDF). Contributions to Nepalese Studies. Retrieved 22 September 2011. Pages 110-111.
  2. Shish Ram Sharma (2002). Protective Discrimination: Other Backward Classes in India. Raj. pp. 111–124.
  3. People of India: A - G., Volume 4. Oxford University Press. 1998.
  4. India's Communities, Volume 5. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 1557.
  5. Gutschow, Niels and Michaels, Axel (2008) Growing up: Hindu and Buddhist initiation rituals among Newar children in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 3447057521, 9783447057523. Pages 23, 33. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  6. "Nepalese Musical Instruments". Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  7. Tuladhar, Kamal Ratna (10 March 2012). "Long ago in Ladakh". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  8. Lewis, Todd T. (1995). "Buddhist Merchants in Kathmandu: The Asan Twah Market and Uray Social Organization" (PDF). Contested Hierarchies. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 28 March 2012. Page 47.
  9. van den Hoek, A. W. (2004) Caturmāsa: Celebrations of death in Kathmandu, Nepal. CNWS Publications. ISBN 9057890984, 9789057890987. Page 53. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  10. Gellner, David N. and Quigley, Declan (1995) Contested hierarchies: A collaborative ethnography of caste among the Newars of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0198279604, 9780198279600. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  11. "Members List of Tamrakar Samaj". Tamrakar Samaj. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
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