TMEM98

There are two known transcript variants that encode for TMEM98. Variant one corresponds to the longer of the two, has 8 exons, and is 1808 bases in length.[8] Variant two codes for the same protein, but is slightly shorter at exon 2 and is missing exon 3; it is 1732 bases long.[9] This missing region corresponds to 85 base pairs near the end of the 5' UTR.[9] Variant one is more abundant than Variant two with 17 times the amount mRNA extracted in various human tissue experiments.[10]

There are no known paralogs for TMEM98.[7] While not functional, there are two pseudogenes found on chromosome 6 and 14 in Homo sapiens.[11]

Transmembrane protein 98 is highly conserved in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and other non-human mammals. It is only slightly conserved and invertebrates and insects and is not found in bacteria, archaea, protists, plants, or fungi.

The percent change over time graph was made using Time Tree.[12]

Percent Change Over Time

There is no signal peptide in this protein.[14] The transmembrane domain is 22 amino acids long and is located from amino acids 6-28. Amino acids on the N-terminus side are located outside of the cell, and amino acids on the C-terminius side are outside of the cell.[15]

The paralogous domain Grap2 and cyclin-D-interacting (pfam13324) spans from 81-151 and is highly conserved in orthologs.[16] This region is involved in the regulation of proliferation and cell differentiation using Grap2 and cyclin-d-mediated signaling pathways.[17]

TMEM98 is composed of 7 alpha helices as predicted by NCBI CBLAST with an e-value of 9x10⁻⁷.[18]

The promoter region is 901 base pairs in length. The most highly conserved predicted transcription factors are shown below.[19]

Possible Stem Loops The 5' UTR has two possible stem loops. These are located from 279-303 and 342-372. In the 3' UTR, there is a possible stem loop located from 1487-1502.[20]

microRNA Binding Sites There is one miRNA binding site in the 3' UTR as predicted using TargetScan.[21][22] This miRNA, hsa-miR-4782-3p, may play a role in breast cancer.[23]

TMEM98 has 4 predicted glycation sites at amino acids 44, 118, 120, and 133.[24] There are serine phosphorylation sites at 60, 122, 124, 136, 145, and 191 and threonine phosphorylation sites at 55, 105, and 160.[25] These sites are all on the N-terminus side of the transmembrane region and are inside the cytosol of the cell.