Survival activating factor enhancement

Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement (SAFE) is a metabolic pathway. It is an intrinsic protective signaling programme to limit cell death activated by the heart.[1] This pathway allows ischaemic postconditioning that helps protect against reperfusion injury.[2] This path involves the activation of a transcription factor called signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3).[3] The SAFE pathway interacts with the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway to convey the ischemic postconditioning stimulus from the cell surface to the mitochondria, where many of the prosurvival and death signals appear to converge.[4]

Activation

A 2011 study concludes, “Our data demonstrate that both melatonin and resveratrol, as found in red wine, protect the heart in an experimental model of myocardial infarction via the SAFE pathway.”[5]

References
  1. Lecour, Sandrine (2009). "Activation of the protective Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement (SAFE) pathway against reperfusion injury: Does it go beyond the RISK pathway?". Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 47 (1): 32–40. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.03.019. PMID 19344728.
  2. Ischaemic postconditioning protects against reperfusion injury via the SAFE pathway. Lydia Lacerda, Sarin Somers, Lionel H. Opie and Sandrine Lecour, Cardiovasc. Res., 2009, 84 (2), pages 201-208, doi:10.1093/cvr/cvp274
  3. When are pro-inflammatory cytokines safe in heart failure? Lecour Sandrine and James Richard, European heart journal, 2011, vol. 32, no6, pages 680-685, INIST:23924029
  4. Hausenloy, Derek J.; Lecour, Sandrine; Yellon, Derek M. (2011-03-01). "Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase and Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement Prosurvival Signaling Pathways in Ischemic Postconditioning: Two Sides of the Same Coin". Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 14 (5): 893–907. doi:10.1089/ars.2010.3360. ISSN 1523-0864.
  5. Lamont KT, Somers S, Lacerda L, Opie LH, Lecour S (May 2011). "Is red wine a SAFE sip away from cardioprotection? Mechanisms involved in resveratrol- and melatonin-induced cardioprotection". J. Pineal Res. 50 (4): 374–80. doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.2010.00853.x. PMID 21342247. S2CID 8034935.


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