St Martin-in-the-Fields (parish)

St Martin-in-the-Fields was a civil parish in the county of Middlesex, later part of the new County of London, England. It took its name from the church of St Martin-in-the-Fields and was within the Liberty of Westminster. Within its boundaries were the former extra-parochial areas of Buckingham Palace and St James's Palace.[1]

St Martin-in-the-Fields
Civil parish

Area
 • 1881/1921286 acres (1.16 km2)
Population
 • 188117,508
 • 190112,980
 • 192110,666
History
 • OriginAncient parish
 • Abolished1922
 • Succeeded byCity of Westminster (parish)
StatusCivil parish
GovernmentSt Martin in the Fields Vestry
 • HQVestry Hall, St Martin's Place
Contained within
 • Poor Law UnionStrand (1868–1913)
City of Westminster (1913–1922)

Adjustments

St Martin-in-the-Fields was an ancient parish. In 1542, it gained most of what became its final form, "lands between the church of St Clement Danes and the Palace of Westminster" from the parish of Westminster St Margaret.[2]

The parish originally amounted to the area in green on the map, the whole Liberty, except for the part of St Margarets which formed Knightsbridge (the far west) and the part of St Clement Danes and St Mary le Strand within the ancient Liberty, very small areas north of the Strand (in the Liberty's extreme east):[3] In the 17th and 18th centuries, four areas were carved out of St Martin's to create new parishes. These were, with their years of inception:-

St Paul Covent Garden (known even before 1645 as Covent Garden)1645
Westminster St James (known as St James's later spawning new parishes in east/central Mayfair)1685
St Anne Soho (known even before 1687 as Soho)1687
St George Hanover Square (west Mayfair and newly-developed "Belgravia" and "Pimlico" in the south after the 1800s)1724

Poor law

St Martin-in-the-Fields was a single parish for the poor law, following the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, until 1868 when it became part of the Strand Poor Law Union.

Reform

In 1855 the parish vestry became a local authority within the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works.

Under the Metropolis Management Act 1855 any parish that exceeded 2,000 ratepayers was to be divided into wards; as such, the incorporated vestry of St Martin in the Fields was divided into three wards (electing vestrymen): No. 1 (12), No. 2 (12) and No. 3 (12).[4][5]

In 1896, as the population of the parish had increased, the incorporated vestry was re-divided into three new wards (electing vestrymen): Park (15), Long Acre (12) and Embankment (9).[6]

In 1889 the parish became part of the new County of London, and in 1900 it became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. The St Martin-in-the-Fields Vestry was replaced by Westminster City Council, and the vestry hall became Westminster City Hall.

The civil parish was abolished in 1922.

References
  2. "Estate and Parish History | British History Online".
  3. Youngs, Frederic (1979). Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England. Vol. I: Southern England. London: Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-901050-67-9.
  4. The London Gazette Issue: 21802. 20 October 1855. pp. 3896–3898. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  5. "H.M.S.O. Boundary Commission Report 1885 Westminster Map". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  6. The London Gazette Issue: 26709. 14 February 1896. pp. 860–861. Retrieved 8 April 2015.

51°30′32″N 0°07′37″W

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.