St Joseph's Cathedral, Dunedin

St Joseph's Cathedral is the cathedral for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dunedin. It is located in City Rise in the city of Dunedin, New Zealand. It serves as the seat of the bishop of the Latin Church Diocese of Dunedin, which was erected on 26 November 1869.

St Joseph's Cathedral
Cathedral as it appeared in 2005
45°52′28″S 170°29′53″E
LocationCity Rise, Dunedin
CountryNew Zealand
DenominationRoman Catholic
WebsiteOfficial Website
Architecture
Functional statusOpen
Designated14 February 1886
Architect(s)Francis Petre
Architectural typeCathedral
StyleGothic Revival
Administration
DioceseDunedin
Clergy
Bishop(s)Michael Dooley, 7th Bishop of Dunedin (2018–present)
Priest(s)Rev Fr Vaughan Leslie
Laity
Director of musicDavid Burchell
Organist(s)David Burchell
Maria Lane (assistant)
Organ scholarOliver Peyroux
Music group(s)St Joseph's Cathedral Choir
Designated11 November 1982[1]
Reference no.364

History
St Joseph's Cathedral as Petre intended it. This design was never completed.

The Gothic revival cathedral was designed by Francis Petre, who also later, in a complete change of style to Palladian revival, designed St Patrick's Basilica, Oamaru (1894), Sacred Heart Cathedral, Wellington (1901), the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, Christchurch (1905), St. Mary's Basilica, Invercargill (1905), St Patrick's Basilica, Waimate (1909) and Sacred Heart Basilica, Timaru (1911).

Construction of the Cathedral started in 1878, during the episcopacy of Bishop Patrick Moran. It was used for its first church service in February 1886, and was completed in its unfinished state in May 1886, at a cost of £22,500. The original design, however, was for a much larger building, with a tall spire with a height of 100 meters over the transept.

Interior view of the nave and sanctuary of the cathedral (April 2023)

A description of St Joseph's Cathedral from a letter of the reporter of the Auckland Evening Star in 1889 says, "The cable tram has carried you up barely two hundred feet when you see a double-towered church of dark grey stone standing on a site cut into the hill. This is the Catholic Cathedral, St Joseph — and it is a gem. The outside gives you no idea of the beauty within."[2] This is a poor description of what was built. While it falls short of the original conception the building as it stands gives a better idea of the outstanding structure which was never completed.

Renovations

The cathedral has undergone several modifications, the most notable being the removal of the high altar after Vatican II; it was returned after a long sojourn in the Dunedin Public Art Gallery. The side altar was dismantled in early 1970, and has since been made into a large tabernacle, kept in the Blessed Sacrament Chapel beside the sanctuary. A reconciliation room was added to replace the old confessionals in the nave of the cathedral.

Reinstatement of cultural heritage
The High Altar (April 2023)
Our Lady of Perpetual Succour Shrine (April 2023)

In March 2023, the confessionals were renovated and returned to their original use. The shrine of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour was also reinstated.

In November 2023, the tabernacle is set to be returned to the high altar (where it is currently housed in the Blessed Sacrament Chapel) by Bishop Dooley, with Novatus Rugambwa, Apostolic Nuncio to New Zealand also being present at the Mass. The original statues of two angels that used to stand either side of the altar are currently being restored and will both be placed back to their original positions, either side of the altar.

Organs and Choir

Organs
The Cathedral's second organ, the Casson's Patent Opus 226, built by the Positive Organ Company Ltd., London, England. (April 2023)
Squarise and other members of St. Joseph's Cathedral Choir with dates of their election as life members (April 2023)

The main organ was purchased by Fr Delphin Moreau SM in 1866 for the first St Joseph's Church and built by George Fincham and Sons of Melbourne. Once the organ was shipped to Dunedin it was erected by Charles Begg and opened on 1 February 1867. After the new cathedral had been built, it was transferred in early 1886 before the opening ceremony in February of that year. Edward Henry Jenkins (of Christchurch) was made responsible for the rebuilding of the organ in the new cathedral.[3]

After a rebuild was undertaken by the South Island Organ Company, Timaru (which included making use of the original Fincham pipework with a new layout and Positive division), the organ was dedicated on 1 June 1976.[4] Upon the completion of the rebuild, two wooden statues were presented as gifts of the Cathedral Choir. The statues now sit on either side of the Positive division casework. The three manuals of the organ are: Swell, Great and Positive.

Stops contained on the 1866 George Fincham Organ (with 1976 additions included)
Great Swell Positive Pedal Couplers
Quintaten 16, Open Diapason 8, Claribel Flute 8, Quintaten 8, Dulciana 8, Principal 4, Flute 4, Twelfth 2 2/3, Fifteenth 2, Mixture (19-22-26-29) IV Open Diapason 8, Stopped Diapason 8, Salicional 8, Celeste T.C. 8, Principal 4, Fifteenth 2, Mixture (22-26-29) III, Trumpet 8, Oboe 8, Tremulant Rohr Flute 8, Koppel Flute 4, Gemshom 2, Larigot 1 1/3, Sesquialtra (12-17) Open Diapason 16, Bourdon 16, Quintaten 16, Trombone 16, Quint 10 2/3, Principal 8, Bass Flute 8, Quintaten 8, Quint 5 1/3, Octave 4, Quintaten 4 Swell to Great, Swell Octave to Great, Swell Sub Octave to Great, Positive to Great, Positive Octave to Great, Swell to Positive, Swell Octave to Positive, Great to Pedal, Swell to Pedal, Swell Octave to Pedal, Positive to Pedal, Swell Octave, Swell Sub Octave

A second organ was obtained, installed and first used at the Mass of the Veneration of the Cross, on Good Friday, 2023. It has one manual and is a Casson's Patent, Opus 226, made by the Positive Organ Company Limited, London. The organ was originally housed in Holy Trinity Anglican Church, Lawrence, before finding itself in the collection of the New Zealand Organ Museum in Herbert. The plaque on the organ reads: "+ TO THE GLORY OF GOD + PRESENTED BY EDWARD HERBERT, IN LOVING MEMORY OF MAGDELENE, HIS WIFE. 15TH NOVEMBER 1897".

Cathedral Choir

As of 2023, the choir consists of about 15 members and is an affiliate of the Royal School of Church Music New Zealand (RSCMNZ).[5] Since 2017, David Burchell has served as the choirmaster and organist. Burchell also holds the titles of Dunedin City Organist[6] and the conductor of City Choir Dunedin. He succeeded Michael McConnell ARSCM, a recipient of the Benemerenti Medal.[7][8] McConnell served as choirmaster for 41 years before he passed away on 4 November 2017.[8][9]

History

St Joseph's Cathedral Choir was established on 23 July 1862 when Fr Delphin Moreau SM opened the church of St Joseph's. When Bishop Moran arrived in Dunedin to carry out his episcopal duties on 19 February 1871, old St Joseph's Church became the pro-cathedral and the choir assumed its status as a cathedral choir.[10]

English-born Albert Vallis was choirmaster and organist from 1891 until his death in 1932. He arrived in Dunedin from England in 1887, where he held the positions of choirmaster and organist at the Moray Place Congregational Church (Heritage New Zealand) and then at St Matthew’s Church. He composed five compositions during his time as choirmaster at St Joseph's Cathedral. Vallis was also a foundation member of the Otago Society of Organists.[11]

Raffaello Squarise was appointed honorary conductor and choirmaster in March 1891. On 18 August 1891, he was given a letter by the cathedral authorities stating ''a Catholic who figures prominently as a Freemason cannot consistently hold the position of Catholic Cathedral Choirmaster'', after he attended a Masonic installation the day prior.[12] Squarise went public via the Otago Daily Times with the letter he received, which caused more division between himself and Church authorities.[13][14] In January 1914,[15] he returned as conductor (during Vallis' tenureship as choirmaster and organist) and held the position with honour until 1921.[16] Squarise was elected as a life member of the choir in 1921, which a plaque roll of his name still in the choir loft shows today (pictured).

English-born New Zealand composer and musician, Vernon Griffiths was also choirmaster and organist from 1936 until April 1939.[17] Upon being persuaded by Monsignor Morkane (then-administrator of St Joseph's Cathedral) to take the position of choirmaster, he disbanded the SATB choir, replacing the women section of the choir with boy sopranos and retaining the men tenor and bass choristers.[18][17] The male-only choir continued to sing plainchant and polyphony during Masses.[17]

St Dominic's Priory and Cathedral Chapel
St Dominic's Priory, March 2005

St Dominic's Priory is located beside St Joseph's Cathedral, also designed by Petre, in 1876. When built in 1877, it was the largest unreinforced poured concrete building the Southern Hemisphere and has been described by Heritage New Zealand as "one of New Zealand's most important Victorian buildings".[19][20] In 1889, a bluestone extension was built to accommodate older students in the newly established St Dominic's College. It holds a Heritage New Zealand Category I listing (No. 372).[20]

In 2020, the Priory was broken into, with intruders ransacking a flat and damaging historic paintings and other irreplaceable property.[21]

The Priory is of neo-Gothic design. It reaches four storeys at gable level and there are over 70 rooms, both large and small, including double-glazed music rooms. The Priory is no longer used for any purpose.

The Cathedral Chapel is situated behind the Priory and is still used. It still contains its original High Altar. Mass is celebrated there twice a week and the Traditional Latin Mass is still celebrated there every Sunday. The Cathedral Choir uses the chapel as their practice space.

The Catholic Pastoral Centre, located behind the Cathedral, contains administration offices, the Bishop's office and also the Dunedin Catholic Library.

References
  1. "Cathedral Church of St Joseph (Catholic)" Heritage New Zealand (Retrieved 14 September 2023)
  2. Auckland Evening Star, New Zealand, 1889.
  3. Mee, Peter R. (January 1986). St Joseph's Cathedral Dunedin, New Zealand, Centennial Year 1886-1986. Dunedin, New Zealand: Production Tablet Printing Co. OCLC 154299360.
  4. "St. Joseph's Catholic Cathedral, Dunedin" (PDF). New Zealand Organ Preservation Trust. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  5. "The Cathedral Choir". October 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  6. Lewis, John (4 October 2019). "Norma's 100th 'Birthday Bash' to be a blast". Otago Daily Times Online News. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  7. Rudd, Allison (30 July 2008). "St Joseph's hoping candidate pipes up". Otago Daily Times Online News. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  8. "Tributes Online - Listings". www.tributes.co.nz. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  9. Staff, NZ Catholic (20 December 2017). "Fond farewell for Dunedin choirmaster". NZ Catholic Newspaper. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  10. Wilson, Joseph James (1922). St. Joseph's Cathedral Choir: Jubilee Souvenir 1862 - 1922. Dunedin, New Zealand. p. 5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. "Notables U-Z". Musical Notables of New Zealand. 11 April 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  12. "Masonic". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Issue 9198. Otago Daily Times. 19 August 1891. p. 4. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  13. "Story: Squarise, Raffaello". Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  14. "Dunedin". issuu. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  15. Murray, David (April 2005). Raffaello Squarise (1856-1945): The Colonial Career of an Italian Maestro (PDF). Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago. p. 180.
  16. Murray, David (April 2005). Raffaello Squarise (1856-1945): The Colonial Career of an Italian Maestro (PDF). Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago. p. 204.
  17. Hawkey, Rachael M. (1993). Vernon Griffiths (1894-1985): His Life and Philosophy of Music Education as Demonstrated in his Collected Papers (PhD Thesis) (PDF). University of Canterbury, Christchurch. pp. 104–105.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  18. Peyroux, M. (October 2009). "The Cathedral Choir". Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  19. Dungey, Kim (17 December 2021). "Inside an abandoned piece of Dunedin history". Otago Daily Times Online News. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  20. "Welcome to Heritage New Zealand". Welcome to Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  21. Lewis, John (1 April 2020). "Intruders ransack historic priory". Otago Daily Times Online News. Retrieved 23 March 2023.

Further reading
  • Hamilton, Derek; Hamilton, Judith (2009). Early Churches in and Around Dunedin (Paperback). Christchurch, NZ: Self-published. ISBN 978-0-473-15950-4.
  • Knight, H., and Wales, N. (1988). Buildings of Dunedin. Dunedin: John McIndoe.
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