Zond L1S-1

Zond L1S-1 was a Zond capsule to be placed into orbit around the Moon by the first launch of the N1, a Soviet-made super heavy-lift launch vehicle designed to land crewed Soviet spacecraft on the Moon.[1][2] The Zond capsule was equipped with a dummy lander and cameras to photograph the lunar surface for possible sites of a crewed landing.[3] The failure of the N1 launch vehicle caused the launch escape system to ignite, saving the Zond capsule from destruction.

Zond L1S-1
Mission type
Mission duration66 second
Distance travelled30 km
Range32-35 km
Apogee30 km
Start of mission
Launch date21 February 1969, 09:18 (1969-02-21UTC09:18Z) UTC
RocketN1/No.3L
Launch siteSite 110P
 

Engines 12 and 24 shut down about 3 to 7 seconds after liftoff. The fault was found to be an error in the control system. The control system compensated by giving more power to the working engines. But at 25 seconds after lift off, the control system throttled back the working engines, as there was too much vibration. At an altitude of about 30 km, just 66 seconds after liftoff, the engines again were set to full power. This caused an oxidizer pipe to break open. A fire started, and the engine's turbopumps exploded.

Zond L1S-2 launched on 3 July 1969 also failed. Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1 launched on 26 June 1971 failed. The last N-1 launch of Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1 failed on 23 November 1972.[4][5] [6][7] [8][9]

NASA used the Saturn V rocket for lunar missions, a super heavy-lift launch vehicle like the N-1.

Flight number Date (UTC) Launch site Serial no. Payload Outcome Remarks
1 21 February 1969
09:18:07		 Baikonur Site 110/38 3L Zond L1S-1 Failure
2 3 July 1969
20:18:32		 Baikonur Site 110/38 5L Zond L1S-2 Failure Destroyed launch pad 110 East
3 26 June 1971
23:15:08		 Baikonur Site 110/37 6L Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1 Failure
4 23 November 1972
06:11:55		 Baikonur Site 110/37 7L Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1 Failure

See also

References
  1. "Tentative IDs". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
  2. "N1 No. 3L launch". www.russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
  3. "Tentative IDs". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
  4. Raketno-kosmicheskii kompleks N1-L3, book: Гудилин В.Е., Слабкий Л.И. (Слабкий Л.И.)(Gudilin V., Slabkiy L.)"Ракетно-космические системы (История. Развитие. Перспективы)",М.,1996
  5. Wade, Mark. "1969.02.21 - N1 3L launch". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Mark Wade - Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  6. Harvey, Brian (2007). Soviet and Russian lunar exploration. Berlin: Springer. p. 222. ISBN 978-0387739762.
  7. "Die russische Mondrakete N-1 (in German)".
  8. Harford, James (1997). Korolev: how one man masterminded the Soviet drive to beat America to the moon. New York; Chichester: Wiley. p. 294. ISBN 9780471327219.
  9. Zak, Anatoly. "N1 No. 3L launch". RussianSpaceWeb.com. Anatoly Zak. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
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