1960 South Korean parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in South Korea on 29 June 1960.[1] They were the first and only direct elections of the Second Republic and saw the first election of members of the new House of Councillors, together with the fifth election of members of the House of Representatives. They were also the first relatively free and fair national elections held in the country, but would be the last free elections until the 1987 presidential elections. Voter turnout was 84.3%.
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All 233 seats in the House of Representatives 117 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 84.35% ( 3.45pp) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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All 58 seats in the House of Councillors 30 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 South Korea portal |
The elections took place after President Rhee Syngman amended the constitution and won a third term in the uncontested March 1960 presidential election, which prompted the pro-democracy April Revolution and removed Rhee from power.
The Democratic Party, which had been the opposition party under former President Rhee, received the most votes (42%) in the House of Representatives election, winning 175 of 233 seats, while its 51% vote share in the House of Councillors elections saw it win 31 of the 58 seats. It was the first time that a liberal party won an election in South Korea, but the Democratic Party and its liberal successors would not win an election again until the 1997 presidential election and would not win a legislative election until 2004. Independent politicians received a significant portion of the vote, with 47% of the vote in the House of Representatives elections and 38% of the vote in the House of Councillors elections.
The government formed after the elections was overthrown within less than a year by Park Chung-hee in a coup on 16 May 1961. Park subsequently re-established the presidential system under a military government and served as president of South Korea from 1962 to 1979.
Electoral system
The members of the House of Representatives were elected via first-past-the-post voting. Members of the House of Councillors were elected via partial block voting in constituencies of between two and eight seats corresponding to the provinces and Seoul, where voters could cast ballots for up to half of the candidates running in their constituency.
Results
House of Representatives
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 3,786,401 | 41.71 | 175 | +96 | |
| Socialist Mass Party | 541,021 | 5.96 | 4 | New | |
| Liberal Party | 249,960 | 2.75 | 2 | –124 | |
| Korea Socialist Party | 57,965 | 0.64 | 1 | New | |
| Korea Independence Party | 26,649 | 0.29 | 0 | New | |
| Unification Party | 17,293 | 0.19 | 1 | 0 | |
| Other parties | 149,366 | 1.65 | 1 | – | |
| Independents | 4,249,180 | 46.81 | 49 | +22 | |
| Total | 9,077,835 | 100.00 | 233 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 9,077,835 | 92.83 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 701,086 | 7.17 | |||
| Total votes | 9,778,921 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 11,593,432 | 84.35 | |||
| Source: Nohlen et al. | |||||
By city/province
| Region | Total seats |
Seats won | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DP | SMP | LP | SP | UP | Other | Ind. | ||
| Seoul | 16 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Gyeonggi | 25 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
| Gangwon | 20 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| North Chungcheong | 13 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| South Chungcheong | 22 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| North Jeolla | 24 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| South Jeolla | 32 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| North Gyeongsang | 38 | 28 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| South Gyeongsang | 40 | 31 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Jeju | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 233 | 175 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49 |
House of Councillors
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 5,491,527 | 51.41 | 31 | |
| Liberal Party | 653,748 | 6.12 | 4 | |
| Socialist Mass Party | 146,059 | 1.37 | 1 | |
| Korea Socialist Party | 135,160 | 1.27 | 1 | |
| Other parties | 188,792 | 1.77 | 1 | |
| Independents | 4,067,343 | 38.07 | 20 | |
| Total | 10,682,629 | 100.00 | 58 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 11,593,432 | – | ||
| Source: Nohlen et al. | ||||
By city/province
| Region | Total seats |
Seats won | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DP | LP | SMP | SP | Other | Ind. | ||
| Seoul | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Gyeonggi | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Gangwon | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| North Chungcheong | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| South Chungcheong | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| North Jeolla | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| South Jeolla | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| North Gyeongsang | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| South Gyeongsang | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Jeju | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 58 | 31 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 20 |
References
- Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II, p420 ISBN 0-19-924959-8
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