Singapore Mediation Convention

The Singapore Convention on Mediation, formally the United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation is an international agreement which provides a uniform and efficient framework for the recognition and enforcement of mediated settlement agreements that resolve international, commercial disputes - akin to the framework that the 1958 New York Convention provides for arbitral awards.[1] It was adopted on 20 December 2018 by the UN General Assembly and opened for signature on 7 August 2019.[2] The Convention entered into force on 12 September 2020, that is, six months after the deposit of the third ratification instrument by Qatar, the first two being Singapore and Fiji.

Singapore Convention on Mediation

United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation
States that signed the convention (yellow)
Signed	7 August 2019 (2019-08-07) (first signatories)
Location	Singapore
Sealed	20 December 2018 (adopted by the UN)
Effective	12 September 2020
Condition	6 months after the deposit of the third instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
Signatories	56
Parties	11
Depositary	Secretary-General of the United Nations
Languages	Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish

Contract law
Formation
Capacity Offer and acceptance Meeting of the minds2 Abstraction principle4,5 Posting rule1 Mirror image rule Invitation to treat Firm offer Consideration1,4 Implication-in-fact Collateral contract
Defences
Misrepresentation Mistake Threats and unequal bargaining power Illegality and public policy Unconscionability Culpa in contrahendo2 Force majeure Frustration of purpose Impossibility Impracticability Hardship Set-off Illusory promise1 Statute of frauds1 Non est factum1 Unclean hands1 Accord and satisfaction1
Interpretation
Parol evidence3 Contract of adhesion Integration clause Contra proferentem UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts
Dispute resolution
Choice of law clause Forum selection clause Hague Choice of Court Convention Arbitration New York Convention UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration Mediation Singapore Mediation Convention Enforcement of foreign judgments Hague Judgments Convention
Rights of third parties
Privity of contract1 Assignment Delegation Novation Third-party beneficiary
Breach of contract
Anticipatory repudiation Cover Exclusion clause Efficient breach Deviation Fundamental breach
Remedies
Specific performance3 Money damages Liquidated, stipulated, or penal damages3 Rescission
Quasi-contractual obligations
Promissory estoppel1 Quantum meruit1 Unjust enrichment Restitution Negotiorum gestio2
Duties of parties
Duty of honest contractual performance (or doctrine of abuse of rights)6 Duty of good faith (also implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing or duty to negotiate in good faith)7 Contract A and Contract B6
Related areas of law
Conflict of laws Commercial law
By jurisdiction
Australia Canada China (mainland) Irish contract law India United Kingdom England and Wales Scotland
Other law areas
Tort law Property law Wills, trusts, and estates Criminal law Evidence
Notes
1 Specific to common law jurisdictions 2 Specific to civil and mixed law jurisdictions 3 Historically restricted in common law jurisdictions but generally accepted elsewhere; availability varies between contemporary common law jurisdictions 4 Specific to the German Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch and other civil codes based on the pandectist tradition 5 Explicitly rejected by the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts 6 Specific to Canadian contract law both in Québec and in the country's common law provinces 7 Specific to civil law jurisdictions, the American Uniform Commercial Code, and Canadian jurisprudence in both Québec and the common law provinces pertaining to contractual and pre-contractual negotiation