Sikhism by country

Most of the 25-30 million followers of Sikhism, the world's fifth-largest religion , live in the northern Indian state of Punjab, the only Sikh-majority administrative division on Earth,[1][2][3][4][5][6] but Sikh communities exist on every inhabited continent. Sizeable Sikh populations in countries across the world exist in India (20,833,116),[7] Canada (771,790),[8] England (520,092),[9] the United States (~280,000),[30] Italy (~220,000), and Australia (210,400), while countries with the largest proportions of Sikhs include Canada (2.12%),[8] India (1.56%), Cyprus (1.1%)[31][32] England (0.92%),[9][33] New Zealand (0.87%), and Australia (0.83%).

Tarn Taran - World's Most Sikh District and Home to World's Largest Sarovar (sacred pool)

Global Sikh Population (Estimated 2023)

Administrative divisions with significant proportions of Sikhs include Punjab, India (Sikhs account for 58 percent of the population), Chandigarh, India (13.1 percent), British Columbia, Canada (5.9 percent),[8] Haryana, India (4.9 percent), Delhi, India (3.4 percent), West Midlands, England (2.9 percent), Manitoba, Canada (2.7 percent),[8] Alberta, Canada (2.5 percent),[8] Uttarakhand, India (2.3 percent), and Ontario, Canada (2.1 percent).[8] Meanwhile, cities outside India with the largest Sikh populations are Brampton, Ontario, Canada (163,260),[34] Surrey, British Columbia, Canada (154,415),[35] and London, England (144,543).[36]

At 93.33% Sikh, Tarn Taran is the world's most Sikh district or county.[37] Located in the heart of the Majha region of Punjab founded by Guru Arjan Dev - the 5th Sikh guru, [38] Tarn Taran also hosts the world's largest sarovar (sacred pool)[39] even surpassing the great Darbar Sahib - Golden Temple in the neighbouring Amritsar district.

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Countries

The figures on the table below are either based on each of the country's respective censuses or are calculated by specific organizations. Some of these figures are rounded off. In case of conflicting estimates, both the lowest and highest estimates are included.

Sikhs and Sikhism by country
Region Country No. of Sikhs Sikh %  % of all Sikhs
Central Asia Afghanistan Afghanistan * 140 (2022 est.)[40] 0% 0%
South America Argentina Argentina 300 families (2012 est.)[41] 0% 0%
Central Europe Austria Austria * 9,000 (2020 est.)[42] 0.04% 0.04%
Oceania Australia Australia * 210,400 (2021 census)[43] 0.83% 0.9%
South Asia Bangladesh Bangladesh * 20 families (2012 est.)[44] 0% 0%
Western Europe Belgium Belgium * 10,000 (2020 est.)[45] 0.09% 0.04%
South America Brazil Brazil 300 (2018 est.)[46] 0% 0%
North America Canada Canada * 771,790 (2021 census)[8] 2.12% 3.31%
Southern Europe Cyprus Cyprus * 13,280 (2020 est.)[31][32] 1.07% 0.06%
Northern Europe Denmark Denmark * 4,000 (2019 est.)[47] 0.07% 0.02%
Oceania Fiji Fiji * 2,577 (2007 census)[48] 0.31% 0.01%
Western Europe France France * 30,000 (2017 est.)[49] 0.04% 0.13%
Western Asia Georgia (country) Georgia 200 (2018 est.)[50] 0.01% 0%
Central Europe Germany Germany * 18,000 (2017 est.)[51] 0.02% 0.08%
Southern Europe Greece Greece * 20,000 (2015 est.)[52] 0.19% 0.09%
East Asia Hong Kong Hong Kong 12,000 (2021 est.)[53] 0.16% 0.05%
Northern Europe Iceland Iceland 100 (2013 est.)[54] 0.03% 0%
South Asia India India * 20,833,116 (2011 census) 1.72% 89.27%
Southeast Asia Indonesia Indonesia * 15,000 (2009 est.)[55] 0.01% 0.06%
Western Europe Republic of Ireland Ireland 2,183 (2022 census)[56] 0.04% 0.01%
Southern Europe Italy Italy * 220,000 (2022 est.)[70] 0.37% 0.94%
East Africa Kenya Kenya 6,000 (2013 est.)[71] 0.01% 0.03%
Middle East Kuwait Kuwait 15,000 (2021 est.)[72] 0.35% 0.06%
Southeast Asia Malaysia Malaysia * 100,000 (2016 est.)[73] 0.3% 0.43%
South Asia Nepal Nepal * 609 (2011 census)[74] 0% 0%
Western Europe Netherlands Netherlands * 15,000 (2022 est.)[75] 0.08% 0.06%
Oceania New Zealand New Zealand * 40,908 (2018 census)[76] 0.87% 0.18%
Northern Europe Norway Norway * 4,080 (2020 est.)[77] 0.08% 0.02%
Middle East Oman Oman 33,704 (2020 est.)[78] 0.75% 0.14%
South Asia Pakistan Pakistan * 6,146 (2021 est.)[79][80][81] 0% 0.03%
Central America Panama Panama * 302 (2020 est.)[32] 0.01% 0%
Southeast Asia Philippines Philippines 28,436 (2020 est.)[32] 0.03% 0.12%
Southern Europe Portugal Portugal 35,000 (2020 est.)[82] 0.34% 0.15%
Middle East Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 6,700 (2021 est.)[83] 0.02% 0.03%
Southeast Asia Singapore Singapore * 12,051 (2020 census)[84] 0.35% 0.05%
Southern Africa South Africa South Africa * 13,000 (2020 est.)[85] 0.02% 0.04%
Southern Europe Spain Spain 26,000 (2020 est.)[86] 0.05% 0.11%
Northern Europe Sweden Sweden * 4,000 (2020 est.)[86] 0.04% 0.02%
Southeast Asia Thailand Thailand * 70,000 (2005 est.)[87] 0.1% 0.3%
Central America Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago 150 (2022 est.)[88] 0.01% 0%
East Africa Uganda Uganda 2,400 (2021 est.)[89] 0.01% 0.01%
Middle East United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates * 52,000 (2022 est.)[90] 0.56% 0.22%
Western Europe United Kingdom United Kingdom * 524,529 (2021 census)[9][91][92] 0.85% 2.25%
North America United States United States * 280,000 (2021 est.)[113] 0.08% 1.2%
Total 23,336,631[lower-alpha 1] 0.3% 100%

Census Data and Official Statistics

As a religious minority, Sikhs have fought long and hard to get official status and to be counted in many countries across the world. Through the efforts of Sikh organisations and communities in their respective countries, there is now readily available population data on Sikhs as part of the census or official statistics in the following territories:

Census Data / Official Statistics:
Territory Latest Data
Punjab 16,004,754 2011[114]
 India (Rest of India) 4,828,362
 Canada 771,790 2021[8]
 England 520,092 2021[9]
 Australia 210,400 2021[115]
 New Zealand 40,908 2018[76]
 Singapore 12,051 2020[84]
 Thailand 11,124 2010[116]
 Scotland 9,055 2011[117]
 Norway 4,208 2021[118]
 Wales 4,048 2021[9]
 Fiji 2,577 2007[119]
 Ireland 2,183 2022[120]
   Nepal 1,496 2021[121]
 Northern Ireland 389 2021[122]
 Pakistan Pending 2023

Note: Official statistics do not count unregistered arrivals or those who have not completed the census or surveys. However, they do provide for a much more accurate depiction of Sikh communities as opposed to estimates from various Sikh organisations whose estimates can vary vastly with no statistically valuable source. Thus, official statistics and census data is highly important and Sikh communities continue to push for census inclusion in many countries where they are still not counted.

Largest proportions
  1.  Canada 2.12%[8][123]
  2.  India 1.72%[128]
  3.  Cyprus 1.1%[31][129]
  4.  United Kingdom 0.88%[130]
  5.  New Zealand 0.88%[131]
  6.  Australia 0.83%[132][133]
  7.  Oman 0.75%[78]
  8.  UAE 0.56%[134]
  9.  Italy 0.37%[142]
  10.  Singapore 0.35% [62]
    Depiction of early Sikh immigration to Canada (Whitehorse, Yukon). Circa 1906.

Largest populations
  1.  India 23,786,000[146]
  2.  Canada 771,790[8][123]
  3.  United Kingdom 524,000[147]
  4.  United States ~280,000[168]
  5.  Australia 210,400[132][133]
  6.  Italy 210,000 [176]
  7.  Malaysia 100,000[177][178][179]
  8.  Thailand 70,000[180]
  9.  United Arab Emirates 52,000[181]
  10.  Philippines 50,000[182][183]
  11.  New Zealand 40,908[184]
  12.  Oman 35,540[78]
  13.  Portugal 35,000[185]
  14.  France 30,000[186]
  15.  Spain 26,000[187]
  16.  Germany 25,000[188]
  17.  Greece 20,000[189]
  18.  Netherlands 15,000 [190]
  19.  Kuwait 15,000[191][192]
  20.  Hong Kong 15,000[193]
  21.  Cyprus 13,280[31][194]
  22.  Singapore 12,051[195]
  23.  Indonesia 10,000[196]
  24.  Belgium 10,000[197]
  25.  Austria 10,000[198]

Subnational divisions
Sikhs by administrative division
Administrative division 2021[8][36][201][202][lower-alpha 3]
Pop. %
Punjab 16,004,754 57.69%
Haryana 1,243,752 4.91%
Rajasthan 872,930 1.27%
Uttar Pradesh 643,500 0.32%
Delhi 570,581 3.4%
Ontario 300,435 2.14%
British Columbia 290,870 5.92%
Uttarakhand 236,340 2.34%
Jammu and Kashmir 232,585 1.9%
California 232,495 0.59%
Maharashtra 223,247 0.2%
West Midlands 172,398 2.9%
Madhya Pradesh 151,412 0.21%
London 144,543 1.64%
Chandigarh 138,329 13.11%
Alberta 103,600 2.48%
Victoria 91,745 1.41%

Himachal Pradesh

 79,896 1.16%
South East 74,348 0.8%
Jharkhand 71,422 0.22%
Chhattisgarh 70,036 0.27%
West Bengal 63,523 0.07%
Gujarat 58,246 0.1%
East Midlands 53,950 1.11%
New South Wales 47,165 0.58%
New York 44,999 0.22%
Manitoba 35,470 2.71%
Telangana 30,340 0.09%
Karnataka 28,773 0.05%
Washington 28,612 0.37%
Queensland 27,713 0.54%
New Jersey 26,484 0.29%
East 24,284 0.38%
Yorkshire and the Humber 24,034 0.44%
New Zealand Auckland 23,832 1.52%
Bihar 23,779 0.02%
Quebec 23,345 0.28%
Texas 23,044 0.08%
Odisha 21,991 0.05%
Assam 20,672 0.07%
Western Australia 18,583 0.7%
South Australia 17,259 0.97%
Tamil Nadu 14,601 0.02%
North West 11,862 0.16%
Maryland 11,042 0.18%
Andhra Pradesh 9,904 0.02%
Virginia 9,716 0.11%
Pennsylvania 9,529 0.07%
Massachusetts 9,197 0.13%
Michigan 9,127 0.09%
Saskatchewan 9,035 0.82%
Indiana 8,339 0.12%
Illinois 7,771 0.06%
South West 7,465 0.13%
North East 7,206 0.27%
North Carolina 6,929 0.07%
New Zealand Bay of Plenty 4,842 1.57%
Nova Scotia 4,730 0.49%
Missouri 4,589 0.07%
Australian Capital Territory 4,323 0.95%
Kansas 4,200 0.14%
New Zealand Waikato 4,074 0.89%
Kerala 3,814 0.01%
Arunachal Pradesh 3,287 0.24%
Meghalaya 3,045 0.1%
New Zealand Canterbury 2,973 0.5%
Ladakh 2,263 0.83%
Tasmania 2,208 0.4%
Nagaland 1,890 0.1%
Sikkim 1,868 0.31%
New Brunswick 1,780 0.23%
New Zealand Wellington 1,647 0.32%
Manipur 1,527 0.05%
Goa 1,473 0.1%
Northern Territory 1,401 0.6%
New Zealand Hawke's Bay 1,347 0.81%
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1,286 0.34%
Prince Edward Island 1,165 0.77%
Tripura 1,070 0.03%
Newfoundland and Labrador 850 0.17%
New Zealand Otago 510 0.23%
New Zealand Manawatū-Whanganui 447 0.19%
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 389 0.07%
Yukon 385 0.97%
New Zealand Northland 315 0.18%
Puducherry 297 0.02%
Mizoram 286 0.03%
New Zealand Taranaki 234 0.2%
New Zealand Southland 210 0.22%
New Zealand Gisborne 171 0.36%
New Zealand Marlborough 123 0.26%
Northwest Territories 110 0.27%
New Zealand Nelson 102 0.2%
New Zealand Tasman 51 0.1%
New Zealand West Coast 33 0.1%
Nunavut 10 0.03%
Lakshadweep 8 0.01%

Sub-districts

Faith in Newton, Surrey (2021)[204] World's only Sikh majority neighbourhood outside India

  Sikh (51.5%)
  Christian (16.4%)
  No religion (13.9%)
  Muslim (8.7%)
  Hindu (8.1%)
  Buddhist (0.9%)
  Jewish (0.1%)
  Other faiths (0.4%)

A sub-district is a local administrative division known as different names in respective countries: called tehsils in India, electoral districts in Canada and wards in England. These are smaller than counties or districts and consist of neighbourhoods and suburbs. Newton, Surrey is the only Sikh majority sub-district outside India with Sikhs representing 51.5% of the population in 2021.[205] There are however, a number of other neighbourhoods outside India where Sikhs form the largest group (plurality).

Neighbourhoods with Sikhs as Largest Group[206]
Sub-District (Neighbourhood) Division Nation % Sikh
Newton - Surrey British Colombia  Canada 51.5%
Blakenhall - Wolverhampton West Midlands  England 40.7%
Brampton East - Peel Ontario  Canada 40.4%
Southall Green - Ealing London  England 36.8%
Heston West - Hounslow London  England 31.8%
Lady Margaret - Ealing London  England 28.2%
Pinkwell - Hillingdon London  England 26.5%
Norwood Green - Ealing London  England 26.2%

Municipalities
  • Gurudwara Bangla Sahib is located in Delhi. India's capital and second-largest city with nearly 20 million inhabitants, Delhi was home to 570,581 Sikhs at the 2011 census, the largest municipal Sikh population in the world.
    Gurudwara Bangla Sahib is located in Delhi. India's capital and second-largest city with nearly 20 million inhabitants, Delhi was home to 570,581 Sikhs at the 2011 census, the largest municipal Sikh population in the world.
  • Gurdwara Dasmesh Darbar is located in Brampton, Ontario. Home to 163,260 Sikhs at the 2021 census, Brampton has the world's largest municipal Sikh population outside India.
    Gurdwara Dasmesh Darbar is located in Brampton, Ontario. Home to 163,260 Sikhs at the 2021 census, Brampton has the world's largest municipal Sikh population outside India.
  • Gurdwara Amb Sahib is located in Mohali, Punjab, the largest Sikh-majority city on Earth with a total population of 166,864 at the 2011 census.
    Gurdwara Amb Sahib is located in Mohali, Punjab, the largest Sikh-majority city on Earth with a total population of 166,864 at the 2011 census.
13 largest municipal Sikh populations
Municipality Sikh population Total population Sikh proportion % Largest religious group
India Delhi (2011)[207] 570,581 16,787,941 3.4% Hindu (81.68%)
India Amritsar (2011)[208] 556,431 1,159,227 48% Hindu (49.36%)
India Ludhiana (2011)[209] 465,393 1,618,879 28.75% Hindu (65.96%)
India Jalandhar (2011)[210] 185,869 868,929 21.39% Hindu (74.9%)
India Patiala (2011)[211] 178,336 446,246 39.96% Hindu (57.22%)
Canada Brampton (2021)[212] 163,260 650,165 25.11% Christian (35.72%)
Canada Surrey (2021)[213] 154,415 562,565 27.45% Christian (30.24%)
United Kingdom London (2021)[214] 144,543 8,799,728 1.64% Christian (40.66%)
India Chandigarh (2011)[215] 138,329 1,055,450 13.11% Hindu (80.78%)
India Bhatinda (2011)[216] 100,139 446,246 35.04% Hindu (62.61%)
India Mohali (2011)[217] 85,983 166,864 51.53% Sikh (51.53%)
Australia Melbourne (2021)[218] 85,286 4,917,750 1.73% Christian (40.14%)
India Moga (2011)[219] 82,456 163,397 50.46% Sikh (50.46%)

Historical Demographics

The Afghan Sikh population declined from between 200,000 and 500,000 (1.8% to 4.6% of the Afghan population) in the 1970s[220][221][222][223][224] to 45 in 2022 following decades of conflict.

Sikhism by country (2001−2021)
Country 2021 2011 2001 Change (2011-2021) Change (2001-2011)
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % ± +% ± +%
India India[225][226][227][126][228] 20,833,116 1.72% 19,237,391 1.87% 1,595,725 8.29%
Canada Canada[229][230][8] 771,790 2.12% 454,965 1.38% 278,410 0.94% 316,825 69.64% 176,555 63.42%
England England[9][231][232] 520,092 0.92% 420,196 0.79% 327,343 0.63% 99,896 23.77% 92,853 28.37%
United States United States[258][259][260][199] 269,986 0.08% 189,242 0.06% 119,740 0.04% 80,744 42.67% 69,502 58.04%
Australia Australia[202] 210,397 0.83% 72,296 0.34% 17,437 0.09% 138,101 191.02% 54,859 314.61%
New Zealand New Zealand[261][76] 40,908[lower-alpha 4] 0.87% 19,191[lower-alpha 5] 0.45% 5,199 0.14% 21,717 113.16% 13,992 269.13%
 Norway[262] 4,208 0.08% 2,975 0.06%
 Wales[9][231][232] 4,048 0.13% 2,962 0.10% 2,015 0.07% 1,086 947
   Nepal[74][121] 1,496 0.01% 609 0.00% 887
Fiji Fiji[263] <500? <0.1% 2,540[lower-alpha 6] 0.3% 3,067[lower-alpha 7] 0.4% -527 -17.18%
 Northern Ireland[264][265][266] 389 0.02% 216 0.01% 219 0.01% 173 -3

[267][268][126][269][270][229][230][8][231][232][258][202][203][271][lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9][lower-alpha 10][lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 13][lower-alpha 14][274][275]

See also

General:

Notes
  1. Total of countries listed above. List last totaled on 11 June 2023.
  2. Sikhs comprise 1.7% (23,786,052) of India's total population of 1,399,179,585 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.[143]
  3. 2011 census data for India,[144] 2018 census data for New Zealand[203]
  4. 2018 census
  5. 2013 census
  6. 2007 census
  7. 1996 census
  8. According to Singh, there were at least 2 lakh Sikhs and Hindus (in a 60:40 ratio) in Afghanistan until the 1970s.[220]
  9. “If you go through the evidence and data from the 1970s to date, you will be able to see how drastically their population has fallen,” says Ehsan Shayegan, an Afghan researcher with Porsesh Research and Studies Organization studying the minority religions of Kabul. “In the 70s, there were around 700,000 Hindus and Sikhs, and now they are estimated to be less than 7,000,” Shayegan says... “In 1992, they were a 220,000-strong community, just before the start of the civil war in Kabul. It was also around the same time that our problems started,” he says.[221]
  10. An investigation by TOLOnews reveals that the Sikh and Hindu population number was 220,000 in the 1980's. That number dropped sharply to 15,000 when the mujahideen was in power during the 1990's and remained at that level during the Taliban regime. It is now estimated that only 1,350 Hindus and Sikhs remain in the country.[223]
  11. In the late 1980s, there were about 500,000 Sikhs scattered across Afghanistan, many here for generations[224]
  12. “There were over two lakh (200,000) Sikhs just in Kabul in the 1980s,” Mr Singh says. Today, there are about 7,000 Sikhs and Hindus throughout the whole of Afghanistan.[222]
  13. Singh explained 800 of his community families still lived in Kabul, Kandahar, Ghazni, Helmand, Nangarhar, Kunduz and Balkh provinces.[272]
  14. Over the years, Afghan Sikhs and the Hindu population have dwindled from nearly 700,000 in the 1970s to less than a few hundred, today. “We are about 70 to 80 families who are left in all over Afghanistan. It used to be many more, but as of today, we are maybe 400 to 450 adults and about 100 to 200 children. So we are not more than a total of 700,” Sutaka said, trying hard to keep a steady tone.[273]

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    58. "Around 45,000 Sikhs vote in Referendum in Italy". Daily Pakistan. That it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in it with a majority in Brescia
    59. "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
    60. "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
    61. "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News. Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
    62. "The Continuing Struggle for Religious Freedom by Italy's Sikh Community". The Wire. It is estimated that there are around 220,000 Sikh migrants in Italy. The community, however, has been largely invisible to native Italians. The majority of Sikhs are dairy workers, living far from the cities, and settled mainly in the farms of north and central Italy.
    63. "How the recent Punjabi migration to Spain & Italy is a departure for the diaspora". The Economic Times. 29 July 2018. The total number of Indians in Italy has now crossed 200,000, making it the largest Indian diaspora in continental Europe and far greater than the 30,000 estimated in Spain. This Indian contingent is mainly made up of Punjabi Jat Sikhs.
    64. "How Sikhs saved the Italian cheese industry". Global Indian. Today, Italy has the largest Sikh population in Europe, only second to the United Kingdom, with an estimated number of 220,000
    65. Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9789004254756. According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents
    66. "Why the Indian government must help Italian Sikhs". Hindustan Times. Up to 150,000 Sikhs now live there, making it the largest Sikh Community in Europe after the one in Britain
    67. "The Sikhs Spearheading The Italian Parmesan Cheese Industry". Homegrown. Despite the estimated 220,000 Sikh immigrants who inhabit the Po Valley, there seems to a whiff of change in the air
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    113. While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[93] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[94] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[95] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[96] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[97][98] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[99][100][101] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[102][109] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000 in 2021.[110][111][112]
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    128. The Indian Sikh population grew from 16,420,685 to 19,237,391 between 1991 and 2001, a rise of 2,816,706 or 17.15%. It further rose from 19,237,391 to 20,833,116 between 1991 and 2001, a rise of 1,595,725 or 8.29%.[124][125][126] Assuming the Indian Sikh population growth rate continues to decline at the same rate, which is likely since Sikhs have the lowest birth rate across all Indian religious groups, the Indian Sikh population would grow by 4.01% between 2011 and 2021, or from 20,833,116 to 21,668,524.[127]
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    137. "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
    138. "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
    139. "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News. Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
    140. Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9789004254756. According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents
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    160. "Sikhs in America:A History of Hate". ProPublica. Retrieved 28 March 2023. There are an estimated 500,000 Sikhs living in the U.S., many in New York and California.
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    162. "Want to know about Sikhism?". WUWM. Retrieved 28 March 2023. There are more than 500,000 Sikhs in the United States.
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    168. While the U.S. Census does not ask about religion,[148] 70,697 Americans (or 0.02% of the total population) declared Sikh as their ethnicity in the 2020 census.[149] In the 2021 Canadian census, 194,640 Canadians declared Sikh as their ethnicity while 771,790 Canadians declared Sikh as their religion, indicating that the Sikh American population may be around 280,329, or 0.08% of the total population.[150] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the adult Sikh American population at 78,000 in 2008.[151] The Pew Research Center estimated the Sikh American adult population to be 140,000 and the total population at 200,000 in 2012 while the World Religion Database at Boston University estimated the American Sikh population to be at 280,000 in 2012.[152][153] Sikh organizations like the Sikh Coalition and American Sikh Congressional Caucus estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 1,000,000, but do not provide any sources for these figures;[154][155][156] 500,000 nevertheless remains the most cited Sikh American population size in news media.[157][164] With 1% of Asian Americans being Sikh, and 90.7% of Sikh Americans being Asian American, the American Sikh population can be estimated around 280,000 in 2021.[165][166][167]
    169. "Over 40,000 Sikhs vote in secessionist Referendum in Italy". Geo News. it had chosen the city of Brixia because Italy had over 200,000 Sikhs living in the county with a majority in Brescia.
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    171. "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". Pakistan Today. 3 July 2022. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
    172. "Sikhs vote in referendum in Rome". The Nation. About 200,000 Sikhs live in different cities of Italy.
    173. "Thousands of Sikhs attend parade in Italy". Bol News. Italy has over 200,000 Sikhs who are active members of the Italian population, which is why this city was chosen
    174. Bertolani, Barbara (2013). "The Sikhs in Italy: A Growing Heterogeneous and Plural Presence". Globalizing Belief, Localizing Gods. Brill Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 9789004254756. According to Gallo (2013), by contrast, the Sikhs would number at least 100,000. Barbara Bertolani estimates in 2013 "My own data gathered within the Sikh community in Italy show Sikh people constituting about 70% of all the Indians present, i.e., at least 84,000 residents
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    186. "France's Sikh Minority Looks Set to Vote Against Marine Le Pen". The Wire. 6 May 2017.
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    189. Lavin, Talia (26 April 2015). "Vibrant Vaisakhi Celebrates Sikh Life In Greece". Huffington Post. The Sikh community in Greece, numbered at around 20,000 according to a 2012 report, joined together to mark the holy day
    190. Lawrence, Mary (22 May 2022). "Het licht van God zien in de ander, daar gaat het om bij de sikhs" [Seeing the light of God in the other, that's what the Sikhs are all about]. Trouw. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023. In Nederland wonen zo'n 15.000 sikhs, die hier sinds de jaren zestig vanuit Afghanistan, Pakistan en India kwamen, op zoek naar werk of op de vlucht voor de Sovjets, de Taliban of de geradicaliseerde aanhangers van Indira Gandhi, nadat zij in 1984 door haar sikhlijfwacht was vermoord. Ons land telt inmiddels negen gurdwara's. [Some 15,000 Sikhs live in the Netherlands, who have come here from Afghanistan, Pakistan and India since the 1960s, looking for work or fleeing the Soviets, the Taliban or the radicalized followers of Indira Gandhi, after they were killed in 1984. her Sikh bodyguard had been killed. Our country now has nine gurdwaras.]
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    206. Note: As of 2021, Canadian electoral districts are the smallest sub-districts available, they are large neighbourhoods in comparison to English wards that are smaller in population. There is no smaller neighbourhood statistics in Canada which explains the lack of Canadian sub-districts in table - as smaller neighbourhoods are more likely to have larger presence of minorities. For data clarity, all available neighbourhood sub-district data (large or small) have been merged together. English ward details: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/articles/buildacustomareaprofile/2023-01-17 Canadian electoral district details: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E
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    258. The United States Census does not ask about religious affiliation.[233] Sikh organizations estimate the Sikh American population to be as high as 750,000.[234][235] Before the United Kingdom Census started asking about religion in 2001, Sikh organizations estimated the British Sikh population to be as high as 750,000, but the 2001 census found the British Sikh population to be only 336,149.[236][237][238][239][240][241] Thus, population figures by Sikh organizations are likely overestimates. A comprehensive 2012 survey by the Pew Research Center estimated that 1% of Asian Americans and 5% of Indian Americans are Sikhs,[242] which would yield a Sikh population of approximately 200,000 in 2012 and 290,000 in 2021.[243][244] The most comprehensive way to estimate the Sikh American population is by comparing to the Punjabi American population.[245] Out of the 4,060,554 Americans who spoke a South Asian language at home in 2021, 318,588, or 7.85%, spoke Punjabi at home. This indicates that Punjabi Americans make up 7.85% of the South Asian American population of 5,492,692, and thus number 430,952.[246][247][248][249][250] This matches with a comprehensive 2020 survey of Indian Americans by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, which found that 8% of Indian Americans were Punjabi.[251] Using this same method, the populations of Punjabi Canadians, English Punjabis, and Punjabi Australians can be estimated at 1,146,900, 931,671, and 319,377 respectively, using language data from censuses conducted in 2021 in those nations.[252][253][254] Those nations also ask about religion in their censuses, with there being 771,790 Sikh Canadians, 520,092 English Sikhs, and 210,400 Sikh Australians in 2021.[255][256][257]Thus, the Sikh population was about 62.65% of the Punjabi population in those three countries combined. Using this ratio, the American Sikh population can be estimated at 269,986 in 2021. This ratio can also be used to estimate Sikh populations of American states, counties, and communities using population data of Punjabi speakers.
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